Chapter 3-2 Flashcards
Social Environment
the entire human environment, including interaction with others.
Socialization
the process by which people learn the characteristics of their group- the knowledge, skills, attitudes, values, norms, and actions thought appropriate for them.
Self
the unique human capacity of being able to see ourselves “from the outside”; the views we internalize of how others see us.
Looking-glass self
a term coined by Charles Horton Cooley to refer to the process by which our self develops through internalizing others’ reactions to us.
Taking the Role of the Other
putting yourself in someone else’s shoes; understanding how someone else feels and thinks, so you anticipate how that person will act.
Significant Other
an individual who significantly influences someone else.
Generalized Other
the norms, values, attitudes, and expectations of people “in general”; the child’s ability to take the role of the generalized other is a significant step in the development of a self.
Id
Freud’s term for our inborn basic drives (the seek for self-gratification)
Ego
Freud’s term for a balancing force between the id and the demands of society
Superego
Freud’s term for the conscience; the internalized norms and values of our social groups.
Gender
the behaviors and attitudes that a society considers proper for its males and females; masculinity or femininity.
Gender Socialization
learning society’s “gender map”, the paths in life set out for us because we are male or female.
Peer Group
a group of individuals, often of roughly the same sage, who are linked by common interests and orientations.
Mass Media
forms of communication, such as radio, newspapers, and television that are directed to mass audiences.
Social Inequality
a social condition in which privileges and obligations are given to some but denied to others.
Agents of Socialization
people or groups that affect our self concept, attitudes, behaviors, or other orientations toward life.
Manifest Functions
the intended beneficial consequences of people’s actions.
Latent Functions
unintended beneficial consequences of people’s actions.
Anticipatory Socialization
the process of learning in advance an anticipated future role or status.
Resocialization
the process of learning new norms, values, attitudes and behavior.
Total Institution
a place that is almost totally controlled by those who run it, in which people are cut off from the rest of society and the society is mostly cut off from them.
Degradation Ceremony
a term coined by Harold Farfinkel to refer to a ritual whose goal is to remake someone’s self by stripping away that individual’s self-identity and stamping a new identity in its place.
Life Course
the stage of our life as we go from birth to death.
Transitional Adulthood
a term that refers to a period following high school when young adults have not yet taken on the responsibilities ordinarily associated with adulthood also called adultolescence.
Transitional Older Years
an emerging stage of the life course between retirement and when people are considered old; about age 63-74.
Feral Children
children assumed to have been raised by animals, in the wilderness, isolated from humans.
