Chapter 3-2

Question 1

Social Environment

Answer 1

the entire human environment, including interaction with others.

Question 2

Socialization

Answer 2

the process by which people learn the characteristics of their group- the knowledge, skills, attitudes, values, norms, and actions thought appropriate for them.

Question 3

Self

Answer 3

the unique human capacity of being able to see ourselves “from the outside”; the views we internalize of how others see us.

Question 4

Looking-glass self

Answer 4

a term coined by Charles Horton Cooley to refer to the process by which our self develops through internalizing others’ reactions to us.

Question 5

Taking the Role of the Other

Answer 5

putting yourself in someone else’s shoes; understanding how someone else feels and thinks, so you anticipate how that person will act.

Question 6

Significant Other

Answer 6

an individual who significantly influences someone else.

Question 7

Generalized Other

Answer 7

the norms, values, attitudes, and expectations of people “in general”; the child’s ability to take the role of the generalized other is a significant step in the development of a self.

Question 8

Id

Answer 8

Freud’s term for our inborn basic drives (the seek for self-gratification)

Question 9

Ego

Answer 9

Freud’s term for a balancing force between the id and the demands of society

Question 10

Superego

Answer 10

Freud’s term for the conscience; the internalized norms and values of our social groups.

Question 11

Gender

Answer 11

the behaviors and attitudes that a society considers proper for its males and females; masculinity or femininity.

Question 12

Gender Socialization

Answer 12

learning society’s “gender map”, the paths in life set out for us because we are male or female.

Question 13

Peer Group

Answer 13

a group of individuals, often of roughly the same sage, who are linked by common interests and orientations.

Question 14

Mass Media

Answer 14

forms of communication, such as radio, newspapers, and television that are directed to mass audiences.

Question 15

Social Inequality

Answer 15

a social condition in which privileges and obligations are given to some but denied to others.

Question 16

Agents of Socialization

Answer 16

people or groups that affect our self concept, attitudes, behaviors, or other orientations toward life.

Question 17

Manifest Functions

Answer 17

the intended beneficial consequences of people’s actions.

Question 18

Latent Functions

Answer 18

unintended beneficial consequences of people’s actions.

Question 19

Anticipatory Socialization

Answer 19

the process of learning in advance an anticipated future role or status.

Question 20

Resocialization

Answer 20

the process of learning new norms, values, attitudes and behavior.

Question 21

Total Institution

Answer 21

a place that is almost totally controlled by those who run it, in which people are cut off from the rest of society and the society is mostly cut off from them.

Question 22

Degradation Ceremony

Answer 22

a term coined by Harold Farfinkel to refer to a ritual whose goal is to remake someone’s self by stripping away that individual’s self-identity and stamping a new identity in its place.

Question 23

Life Course

Answer 23

the stage of our life as we go from birth to death.

Question 24

Transitional Adulthood

Answer 24

a term that refers to a period following high school when young adults have not yet taken on the responsibilities ordinarily associated with adulthood also called adultolescence.

Question 25

Transitional Older Years

Answer 25

an emerging stage of the life course between retirement and when people are considered old; about age 63-74.

Question 26

Feral Children

Answer 26

children assumed to have been raised by animals, in the wilderness, isolated from humans.