Chapter 1

Question 1

Understanding human behavior by placing it within its broader social context.

Answer 1

Sociological Perspective

Question 2

People who share a culture and territory.

Answer 2

Society

Question 3

The group memberships that people have because of their location in history and society.

Answer 3

Social Location

Question 4

The application of systematic methods to obtain knowledge and the knowledge obtained by those methods.

Answer 4

Science

Question 5

The intellectual and academic disciplines designed to comprehend, explain, and predict events in our natural environment

Answer 5

Natural Sciences

Question 6

The intellectual and academic disciplines designed to understand the social world objectively by means of controlled and repeated observations.

Answer 6

Social Sciences

Question 7

A statement that goes beyond the individual case and is applied to a broader group or situation

Answer 7

Generalization

Question 8

Those things that “everyone knows” are true

Answer 8

Common Sense

Question 9

the use of objective, systematic observations to test theories.

Answer 9

Scientific Method

Question 10

the application of the scientific approach to the social world

Answer 10

Positivism

Question 11

the scientific study of society and human behavior

Answer 11

Sociology

Question 12

Marx’s term for the struggle between capitalists and workers.

Answer 12

Class Conflict

Question 13

The degree to which members of a group or a society feel united by shared values and other social bonds; also known as social cohesion.

Answer 13

Social Integration

Question 14

Recurring behaviors or events

Answer 14

Patterns of Behavior

Question 15

the view that sociologist’s personal values or beliefs should not influence social research.

Answer 15

Value Free

Question 16

the standards by which people define what is desirable or undesirable, good or bad, beautiful or ugly.

Answer 16

Values

Question 17

value neutrality in research

Answer 17

Objectivity

Question 18

the repetition of a study in order to test its findings

Answer 18

Replication

Question 19

a German word used by Weber that is perhaps best understood as “to have insight into someone’s situation”.

Answer 19

Verstehen

Question 20

the meanings that people give their own behavior

Answer 20

Subjective Meanings

Question 21

Durkheim’s term for a group’s pattern of behavior

Answer 21

Social Facts

Question 22

sociological research for the purpose of making discoveries about life in human groups, not for making changes in those groups

Answer 22

Basic/Pure Society

Question 23

the use of sociology to solve problems; from the micro level of classroom interaction and family relationships to the macro level of crime and pollution.

Answer 23

Applied Sociology

Question 24

applying sociology for the public good; especially the use of the sociology perspective (how things are related to one another) to guide politicians and poly makers.

Answer 24

Public Sociology

Question 25

a general statement about how some parts of the world fit together and how they work; an explanation of how two or more facts are related to one another

Answer 25

Theory

Question 26

a theoretical perspective in which society is viewed as composed of symbols that people use to establish meaning develop their views of the world, and communicate with one another.

Answer 26

Symbolic Interactions

Question 27

a theoretical framework in which society is viewed as composed of various parts, each with a function that, when fulfilled, contribute to society’s equilibrium, also known as functionalism and structural functionalism

Answer 27

Functional Analysis

Question 28

a theoretical framework in which society is viewed as composed of groups that are competing for scarce resources.

Answer 28

Conflict Theory

Question 29

an examination of large-scale patterns of society; such as how Wall Street and the political establishments are interrelated

Answer 29

Macro-Level Analysis

Question 30

an examination of small-scale patterns of society; such as how the members of a group interact.

Answer 30

Micro-Level Analysis

Question 31

one person’s actions influencing someone else; usually refers to what people do when that are in one another’s presence, but also includes communication at a distance.

Answer 31

Social Interaction

Question 32

communication without words through gestures, use of space, silence, and so on

Answer 32

Nonverbal Interaction

Question 33

the growing interconnections among nations due to the expansion of capitalism

Answer 33

Globalization

Question 34

capitalism (investing to make profits within a rational system) becoming the globe’s dominant economic system.

Answer 34

Globalization of Capitalism

Question 35

Who founded the term positivism?

Answer 35

August Comte

Question 36

Who used the term “survival of the fittest?”

Answer 36

Herbert Spencer

Question 37

Who developed the term class conflict?

Answer 37

Karl Marx

Question 38

Who came to the conclusion that human behavior is not individualistic and that we must always examine the social forces?

Answer 38

Emile Durkheim (also got sociology to be recognized as a separate academic discipline)

Question 39

Who thought that social change was due to religion and the protestant ethnic?

Answer 39

Max Weber

Question 40

What are the five types of social sciences?

Answer 40

Anthropology
Economic
Political Science
Psychology
Sociology