Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Understanding human behavior by placing it within its broader social context.

A

Sociological Perspective

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2
Q

People who share a culture and territory.

A

Society

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3
Q

The group memberships that people have because of their location in history and society.

A

Social Location

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4
Q

The application of systematic methods to obtain knowledge and the knowledge obtained by those methods.

A

Science

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5
Q

The intellectual and academic disciplines designed to comprehend, explain, and predict events in our natural environment

A

Natural Sciences

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6
Q

The intellectual and academic disciplines designed to understand the social world objectively by means of controlled and repeated observations.

A

Social Sciences

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7
Q

A statement that goes beyond the individual case and is applied to a broader group or situation

A

Generalization

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8
Q

Those things that “everyone knows” are true

A

Common Sense

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9
Q

the use of objective, systematic observations to test theories.

A

Scientific Method

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10
Q

the application of the scientific approach to the social world

A

Positivism

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11
Q

the scientific study of society and human behavior

A

Sociology

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12
Q

Marx’s term for the struggle between capitalists and workers.

A

Class Conflict

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13
Q

The degree to which members of a group or a society feel united by shared values and other social bonds; also known as social cohesion.

A

Social Integration

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14
Q

Recurring behaviors or events

A

Patterns of Behavior

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15
Q

the view that sociologist’s personal values or beliefs should not influence social research.

A

Value Free

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16
Q

the standards by which people define what is desirable or undesirable, good or bad, beautiful or ugly.

A

Values

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17
Q

value neutrality in research

A

Objectivity

18
Q

the repetition of a study in order to test its findings

A

Replication

19
Q

a German word used by Weber that is perhaps best understood as “to have insight into someone’s situation”.

20
Q

the meanings that people give their own behavior

A

Subjective Meanings

21
Q

Durkheim’s term for a group’s pattern of behavior

A

Social Facts

22
Q

sociological research for the purpose of making discoveries about life in human groups, not for making changes in those groups

A

Basic/Pure Society

23
Q

the use of sociology to solve problems; from the micro level of classroom interaction and family relationships to the macro level of crime and pollution.

A

Applied Sociology

24
Q

applying sociology for the public good; especially the use of the sociology perspective (how things are related to one another) to guide politicians and poly makers.

A

Public Sociology

25
a general statement about how some parts of the world fit together and how they work; an explanation of how two or more facts are related to one another
Theory
26
a theoretical perspective in which society is viewed as composed of symbols that people use to establish meaning develop their views of the world, and communicate with one another.
Symbolic Interactions
27
a theoretical framework in which society is viewed as composed of various parts, each with a function that, when fulfilled, contribute to society’s equilibrium, also known as functionalism and structural functionalism
Functional Analysis
28
a theoretical framework in which society is viewed as composed of groups that are competing for scarce resources.
Conflict Theory
29
an examination of large-scale patterns of society; such as how Wall Street and the political establishments are interrelated
Macro-Level Analysis
30
an examination of small-scale patterns of society; such as how the members of a group interact.
Micro-Level Analysis
31
one person’s actions influencing someone else; usually refers to what people do when that are in one another’s presence, but also includes communication at a distance.
Social Interaction
32
communication without words through gestures, use of space, silence, and so on
Nonverbal Interaction
33
the growing interconnections among nations due to the expansion of capitalism
Globalization
34
capitalism (investing to make profits within a rational system) becoming the globe’s dominant economic system.
Globalization of Capitalism
35
Who founded the term positivism?
August Comte
36
Who used the term "survival of the fittest?"
Herbert Spencer
37
Who developed the term class conflict?
Karl Marx
38
Who came to the conclusion that human behavior is not individualistic and that we must always examine the social forces?
Emile Durkheim (also got sociology to be recognized as a separate academic discipline)
39
Who thought that social change was due to religion and the protestant ethnic?
Max Weber
40
What are the five types of social sciences?
``` Anthropology Economic Political Science Psychology Sociology ```