Chapter 4 Flashcards
How people select, interpret, remember, and use social information to make judgments and decisions
Social Cognition
two thinking systems
System 1 (Intuition)
System 2 (logic)
System:
ability to know something quickly and automatically
intuition
System:
ability to reason, think systematically, and consider evidence
logic
System:
Quick
Emotional
Associative
Automatic
Effortless
Implicit Intuitive
System 1 (Intuition)
System:
Slow
Analytical
Rule-Directed
Controlled
Effortful
Explicit
Reasoned
System 2 (logic)
Cognitive and memory structure for organizing and interpreting the world
schemas
types of schemas
- person schema
- social schema
- self-schemas
- event schemas
memory structure that assumes everyone in a particular group shares the same characteristics
stereotypes
Exposure to certain information or stimulus can influence how people respond to a subsequent stimulus
priming
Framing:
emphasizing positive/negative aspects of something
positive/negative framing
the way information is presented to influence how people perceive and evaluate a situation
framing
Framing:
changing the way something is phrased so that it seems more favorable/unfavorable
spin framing
tendency to imagine what might have been
counterfactual thinking
imagine outcomes that are worse than reality
downward counterfactual thinking
imagine outcomes that are better than reality
upward counterfactual thinking
Heuristic:
individual’s judgments or decisions are influenced by a reference point or “anchor”
anchoring
Heuristic:
tendency to rely on information that comes readily to mind when evaluating situations or making decisions
availability
Heuristic:
tendency to judge the likelihood of an event based on how similar it is to a prototype or stereotype
Representativeness
