Chapter 3 Flashcards
Who am I?
Self-concept
personal summary of who we are
self-concept
framework of the world
schema
summary of our perceptions of self-relevant information
self-schema
- We make assessments about who we are by comparing how we think or act to those around us
- We compare ourselves to others in order to evaluate our own traits and abilities
social comparison theory
-When individuals compare themselves to someone who is better than they are
-Often to improve on a particular skill
upward social comparison
- When individuals compare themselves to someone who is worse than they are
- Often to help them feel better about themselves
downward social comparison
Effects of Social Comparison depend on W.I.D.E factors
Who
Interpretation
Direction
Esteem
Individuals have tendency to categorize each other and to form in- and out groups that validate their perceptions of themselves in a flattering and useful way
social identity theory
-Individual’s ideal self is based on internal, personal qualities
- The self is viewed as an autonomous entity that is separate from others and defined by distinct traits and preferences
Independent self-construal
-Individual’s ideal self is based on social qualities, and especially relationships with others
- Defines ourselves in terms of belongingness
- The self is viewed as a connected entity that’s embedded within social relationships, roles, and duties
Interdepent self-construal
- Basic motivation to grow, improve, and enhance our self-concept
through social relationships - We grow through our relationships, and our relationships grow with our self-concept
self-expansion theory
Tend to adjust the self and perform in different ways depending on the situation
self-presentation theory
- When ourselves do not align
-Our goals influenced by others
Self Discrepancy
Self-Discrepancy Theory:
- Current self concept
- Who you really are currently
Actual
Self-Discrepancy Theory:
who one wants to be in the future
Ideal
Self-Discrepancy Theory:
Who one believes others expect them to be
Ought
People differ in how much they monitor the environment for cues about social behavior
self-monitoring
Self-monitoring:
More likely to shift their self-presentation according to the situation and other people around them
High self-monitor
Self-monitoring:
More likely to behave according to their own trait and preferences, regardless of situation
Low self-monitor
- subjective, personal evaluation of our self-concept
- Positively correlated with academic success, feelings of happiness, and satisfaction
- Relationship trust
- Negatively correlated with maladaptive behavior, feelings of depression
self esteem
evaluation of one’s own self-worth
self-esteem as a trait
how we feel about ourselves in the moment
self-esteem as a state
