Chapter 2 Flashcards
an idea to explain something
theory
educated guess about two variables, can be tested, specific
hypothesis
-can be tested
-hypothesis
-replication
scientific method
two or more variables are systematically measured
correlation
limits of correlation
- causation doesn’t equal correlation
-third variable problem
variable that is being manipulated and changed
independent variable
variable being measured and influenced by independent variable
dependent variable
- How the researcher manipulates and measures the variables in a study
- helps understand what data mean
operational definitions
-researchers randomly assign participants to a condition
- conditions are identical except for independent variable
experimental method
One group is tested
Pre-experimental Design
Strength:
avoids disadvantaging in a group
Pre-experimental Design
Weakness:
no comparison group
Pre-experimental Design
groups can be compared
Quasi-Experiments
Strength:
determine differences between groups
Quasi-Experiments
Weakness:
possibility of confounding variables
Quasi-Experiments
-Random Assignment
-Independent and dependent variable
-control
True experiment
correlation coefficient (r)
strength and direction
Correlation: +1
increase of one variables leads to increase of other variable
positive correlation
Correlation: 0
two variables have no correlation
Not correlated
Correlation: -1
increase of one variable leads to decrease of other variable
negative correlation
Consistency of measurement
reliability
confidence in pattern of data
internal validity
degree to which test measure as expect
construct validity
extent to which results could apply to another setting
external validity
