Chapter 4 Flashcards
nosocomial infections
infection acquired in a hospital or other medical facility
how does someone get a nosocomial infection
- during medical treatment
- staff members
exogenous nosocomial infection
caused by organisms that enter the patient from the environment
endogenous nosocomial infection
caused by oppurtunities among the patient’s own normal microflora
humans as reservoirs
can easily transmit organisms to other humans
carrier
individuals who harbor an infectious agent without having any observable clinical signs or symptoms
animal as reservoirs
about 150 pathogenic microorganisms can infect both human and some animals
non-living as reservoirs
soil and water
modes of transmission
- direct contact
- indirect contact
- droplets
direct contact
- rabies
- rate bote
- syphilis
- herpes
indirect contact
- tetanus
- common cold
- infections
- ringworm
droplets
- common cold
- influenza
- measles
- pneumonia
- whooping cough
modes of transmission
- waterborne
- airborne
- foodborne
waterborne
- cholera
- leptospirosis
airborne
- dust particles
- chickenpox
- tuberculosis
- influenza
- measles
foodborne
- food poisoning
- hep A
- tapeworms
portals of entry
- skin
- mucous membrane
- parenterial sites
portals of exit
- waste products
- secretions
- blood
- milk
epidemiology
the study of factors and mechanisms involve in the frequency and spread of diseases
etiology
cause of disease
incidence
number of new cases contracted within a set population during a specific period of time
prevalence
the total number of people infected within the population at any time (both old an newly diagnosed cases)
morbidity
the number of individual affected by a disease during a set period in relation with the total number in the population
mortality
the number of death due to a disease in a population during a specific period in a relation to the total population
