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Anatomy & Physiology 1 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Adipocytes

A

Lipid storage cells

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2
Q

Adipose Tissue

A

Specialized areolar tissue rich in stored in fat

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3
Q

Anchoring Junction

A

Mechanically attaches adjacent cells to each other or to the basement membrane

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4
Q

Apical

A

That part of a cell or tissue which, in general, faces an open space

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5
Q

Apocrine Secretion

A

Release of a substance along with the apical portion of the cell

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6
Q

Apoptosis

A

Programmed cell death

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7
Q

Areolar tissue

A

A type of connective tissue proper that shows little specification with cells dispersed in the matrix

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8
Q

Astrocyte

A

Star-shaped cell in the central nervous system that regulated ions and uptake and/or breakdown of some neurotransmitters and contributes to the formation of the blood-brain barrier

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9
Q

Atrophy

A

Loss of mass and function

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10
Q

Basal Lamina

A

Thin extracellular layer that lies underneath epithelial cells and separates them from other tissues

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11
Q

Basement Membrane

A

In epithelial tissue, a thin layer of fibrous material that anchors the epithelial tissue to the underlying connective tissue; made up of the basal lamina and reticular lamina

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12
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

Heart muscle, under involuntary control, composed of striated cells that attach to form fibers, each cell contains a single nucleus, contracts autonomously

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13
Q

Cell Junction

A

Point of cell-to-cell contact that connects one cell to another in a tissue

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14
Q

Chondrocytes

A

Cells of the certilage

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15
Q

Clotting / Coagulation

A

Complex process by which blood components form a plug to stop bleeding

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16
Q

Collagen Fiber

A

Flexible fibrous proteins that give connective tissue tensile strength

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17
Q

Connective Tissue

A

Type of tissue that serves to hold in place, connect, and integrate the body’s organs and systems

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18
Q

Connective Tissue Membrane

A

Connective tissue that encapsulates organs and lines movable joints

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19
Q

Connective Tissue Proper

A

Connective Tissue containing a viscous matrix, fibers, and cells

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20
Q

Cutaneous Membrane

A

Skin; epithelial tissue made up of a stratified squamous epithelial cells that cover the outside of the body

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21
Q

Dense Connective Tissue

A

Connective tissue proper that contains many fibers that provide both elasticity and protection

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22
Q

Ectoderm

A

Outermost embryonic germ layer from which the epidermis and the nervous tissue derive

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23
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A

Type fo cartilage, with elastin as the major protein, characterized by rigid support as well as elasticity

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24
Q

Elastic Fiber

A

Fibrous protein within connective tissue that contains a high percentage of the protein elastin that allow the fibers to stretch and return to original size

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25
Q

Endocrine Gland

A

Group of cells that release chemical signals into the intercellular fluid to be picked up and transported to their target organs by blood

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26
Q

Endoderm

A

Innermost embryonic germ layer from which most of the digestive system and lower respiratory system derive

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27
Q

Endothelium

A

Tissue that lines vessels of the lymphatic and cardiovascular system, made up of a simple squamous epithelium

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28
Q

Epithelial Membrane

A

Epithelium attached to a layer of connective tissue

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29
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

Type of tissue that serves primarily as a covering or lining of body parts, protecting the body; it also functions in absorption, transport, and secretion

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30
Q

Exocrine Gland

A

Group of epithelial cells that secrete substances through ducts that open to the skin or to internal body surfaces that lead to the exterior of the body

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31
Q

Fibroblast

A

Most abundant cell type in connective tissue, secretes proteins fibers and matrix into the extracellular space

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32
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Tough form of cartilage, made of thick bundles of collagen fibers embedded in chondroitin sulfate ground substance

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33
Q

Fibrocyte

A

Less active form of fibroblast

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34
Q

Fluid Connective Tissue

A

Specialized cells that circulate in a watery fluid containing salts, nutrients, and dissolved proteins

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35
Q

Gap Junction

A

Allows cytoplasmic communications to occur between cells

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36
Q

Goblet Cell

A

Unicellular gland found in columnar epithelium that secretes mucous

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37
Q

Ground Substance

A

Fluid or semi-fluid portion of the matrix

38
Q

Histamine

A

Chemical compound released by mast cells in response to injury that causes vasodilation and endothelium permeability

39
Q

Histology

A

Microscopic study of tissue architecture, organization, and function

40
Q

Holocrine Secretion

A

Release of a substance caused by the rupture of a gland cell, which becomes part of the secretion

41
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A

Most common type of cartilage, smooth and maed of short collagen fibers embedded in a chondroitin sulfate ground substance

42
Q

Inflammation

A

Response of tissue to injury

43
Q

Lacunae

A

Small spaces in bone or cartilage tissues that cells occupy

44
Q

Lamina Propria

A

Areolar connective tissue underlying a mucous membrane

45
Q

Loose Connective / Areolar Tissue

A

Type of connective tissue that shows little specialization with cells dispersed in the matrix

46
Q

Matrix

A

Extracellular material which is produced by the cells embedded in it, containing ground substance and fibers

47
Q

Merocrine Secretion

A

Release of a substance from a gland via exocytosis

48
Q

Mesenchymal Cell

A

Adult stem cell from which most connective tissue cells are derived

49
Q

Mesenchyme

A

Embryonic tissue from which connective tissue cells derive

50
Q

Mesoderm

A

Middle embryonic germ layer from which connective tissue, muscle tissue, and some epithelial tissue derive

51
Q

Mesothelium

A

Simple Squamous epithelial Tissue which covers the major body cavities and is the epithelial portion of serous membranes

52
Q

Mucous Connective Tissue

A

Specialized loose connective tissue present in the umbilical cord

53
Q

Mucous Gland

A

Group of cells that secrete mucous, a thick, slippery substance that keeps tissues moist and acts as a lubricant

54
Q

Mucous Membrane

A

Tissue membrane that is covered by protective mucous and lines tissues exposed to the outside environment

55
Q

Muscle Tissue

A

Type of tissue that is capable of contracting and generating tension in response to stimulation; produces movement

56
Q

Myelin

A

Layer of lipid inside some neuroglial cells that wraps around the axons of some neurons

57
Q

Myoctye

A

Muscle cells

58
Q

Necrosis

A

Accidental death of cells and tissues

59
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

Type of tissue that is capable of sending and receiving impulses through electrochemical signals

60
Q

Neuroglia

A

Supportive neutral cells

61
Q

Neuron

A

Excitable neural cell that transfer nerve impulses

62
Q

Oligodendrocyte

A

Neuroglial cell that produces myelin in the brain

63
Q

Parenchyma

A

Functional cells of a gland or organ, in contrast with the supportive or connective tissue of a gland or organ

64
Q

Primary Union

A

Condition of a wound where the wound edges are close enough to be brought together and fastened if necessary, allowing quicker and more thorough healing

65
Q

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

A

Tissue that consists of a single layer of irregularly shaped and sized cells that give the appearance of multiple layers; found in ducts of certain glands and the upper respiratory tract

66
Q

Reticular Fiber

A

Fine fibrous protein, made of collagen subunits, which cross-link to form supporting “nets” within connective tissue

67
Q

Reticular Lamina

A

Matrix containing collagen and elastin secreted by connective tissue; a component of the basement membrane

68
Q

Reticular Tissue

A

Type of loose connective tissue that provides a supportive framework to soft organs, such as lymphatic tissue, spleen, and the liver

69
Q

Schwann cell

A

Neuroglial cell that produces myelin in the peripheral nervous system

70
Q

Secondary Union

A

Wound healing facilitated by wound contraction

71
Q

Serous Gland

A

Group of cells within the serous membrane that secrete a lubricating substance onto the surface

72
Q

Serous Membrane

A

Type of tissue membrane that lines body cavities and lubricates them with serous fluid

73
Q

Simple Columnar Epithelium

A

Tissue that consists of a single layer of column-like cells; promotes secretion and absorption in tissues and organs

74
Q

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

A

Tissue that consists of a single layer of cube-shaped cells; promotes secretion and absorption in ducts and tubules

75
Q

Simple Squamous Epithelium

A

Tissue that consists of a single layer of flat scale-like cells; promotes diffusion and filtration across surface

76
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

Usually attached to bone, under voluntary control, each cell is a fiber that is multi-nucleated and striated

77
Q

Smooth Muscle

A

Under involuntary control, moves internal organs, cells contain a single nucleus, are spindle-shaped, and do not appear striated; each cell is a fiber

78
Q

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

A

Tissue that consists of two or more layers of column-like cells, contains glands and is found in some ducts

79
Q

Stratified cuboidal Epithelium

A

Tissue that consists of two or more layers of cube-shaped cells, found in some ducts

80
Q

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

A

Tissue that consists of multiple layers of cells with the most apical being flat scale-like cells; protects surfaces from abrasion

81
Q

Striation

A

Alignment of parallel actin and myosin filaments which form a banded pattern

82
Q

Supportive Connective Tissue

A

Type of connective tissue that provides enough strength to the body and protects soft tissue

83
Q

Synovial Membrane

A

Connective tissue membrane that lines the cavities of freely movable joints, producing synovial fluid for lubrication

84
Q

Tight Junction

A

Forms an impermeable barrier between cells

85
Q

Tissue

A

Group of cells that are similar in form and perform related functions

86
Q

Tissue Membrane

A

Thin layer or sheet of cells that covers the outside of the body, organs, and internal cavities

87
Q

Totipotent

A

Embryonic cells that have the ability to differentiate into any type of cell and organ in the body

88
Q

Transitional Epithelium

A

Form of stratified epithelium found in the urinary tract, characterized by an apical layer of cells that change in shape in response to the presence of urine

89
Q

Vasodilation

A

Widening of blood vessels

90
Q

Wound Contraction

A

Process whereby the borders of a wound are physically drawn together

Anatomy & Physiology 1 (6 decks)

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