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Anatomy & Physiology 1 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Abdominopelvic Cavity

A

Division of the anterior (ventral) cavity that houses the abdominal and pelvic viscera

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2
Q

Anabolism

A

Assembly of more complex molecules from simpler molecules

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3
Q

Anatomical Position

A

Standard reference position used for describing locations and directions on the human body

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4
Q

Anatomy

A

Science that studies the form and composition of the body’s structures

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5
Q

Anterior

A

Describes the front or direction toward the front of the body; ventral

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6
Q

Anterior Cavity

A

Larger body cavity located anterior to the posterior (dorsal) cavity; includes the serous memberane-lined pleural cavities for the lungs, pericardial cavity for the heart, and peritoneal cavity for the abdominal and pelvic organs; ventral cavity

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7
Q

Catabolism

A

Breaking down of more complex molecules into simpler molecules

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8
Q

Caudal

A

Describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail; inferior

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9
Q

Cell

A

Smallest independently functioning unit of all organisms; in animals, a cell contains cytoplasm, composed of fluid and organelles

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10
Q

Computed Tomography (CT)

A

Medical imaging technique in which a computer-enhanced cross-sectional X-ray image is obtained

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11
Q

Control Center

A

Compares values to their normal range; deviations cause the activation of an effector

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12
Q

Cranial

A

Describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper; superior

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13
Q

Cranial Activity

A

Division of the posterior (dorsal) cavity that houses the brain

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14
Q

Deep

A

Describes a position farther from the surface of the body

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15
Q

Development

A

Changes an organism goes through during its life

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16
Q

Differentiation

A

Process by which unspecialized cells become specialized in structure and function

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17
Q

Distal

A

Describes a position farther from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body

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18
Q

Dorsal

A

Describes the back or direction toward the back of the body; also referred to as posterior

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19
Q

Dorsal Cavity

A

Posterior body cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord; also referred to the posterior body cavity

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20
Q

Effector

A

Organ that can cause a change in a value

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21
Q

Frontal Plane

A

2D, vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions

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22
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

Study of the larger structures of the body, typically with the unaided eye; macroscopic anatomy

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23
Q

Homeostasis

A

Steady state of body systems that living organisms maintain

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24
Q

Inferior

A

Describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or towards the tail; caudal

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25
Q

Lateral

A

Describes the side or direction toward the side of the body

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26
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

A

Medical imaging technique in which a device generates a magnetic field to obtain detailed sectional images of the internal structures of the body

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27
Q

Medial

A

Describes the middle or direction toward the middle of the body

28
Q

Metabolism

A

Sum of all the body’s chemical reactions

29
Q

Microscopic Anatomy

A

Study of very small structures of the body using magnification

30
Q

Negative Feedback

A

Homeostatic mechanism that tends to stabilize an upset in the body’s physiological condition by preventing an excessive response to a stimulus, typically as the stimulus is removed

31
Q

Normal Range

A

Range of values around the set point that do not cause a reaction by the control center

32
Q

Nutrient

A

Chemical obtained from foods and beverages that is critical to human survival

33
Q

Organ

A

Functionally distinct structure composed of 2+ types of tissues

34
Q

Organ System

A

Group of organs that work together to carry out a particular function

35
Q

Organism

A

Living being that has a cellular structure and that can independently perform all physiological functions necessary for life

36
Q

Pericardium

A

Sac that encloses the heart

37
Q

Peritoneum

A

Serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers the organs found there

38
Q

Physiology

A

Science that studies the chemistry, biochemistry, and physics of the body’s functions

39
Q

Plane

A

Imaginary 2D surface that passes through the body

40
Q

Pleura

A

Serous membrane that lines the pleural cavity and covers the lungs

41
Q

Positive Feedback

A

Mechanism that intensifies a change in the body’s physiological condition in response to a stimulus

42
Q

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

A

Medical imaging technique where radiopharmaceuticals are traced to reveal metabolic and physiological functions in tissues

43
Q

Posterior

A

Describes the back or direction toward the back of the body; dorsal

44
Q

Posterior Cavity

A

Cavity that houses the brain & spinal cord (dorsal cavity)

45
Q

Pressure

A

Force exerted by a substance in contact with another substance

46
Q

Prone

A

Face down

47
Q

Proximal

A

Describes a position nearer to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body

48
Q

Regional Anatomy

A

Study of the structures that contribute to specific body regions

49
Q

Renewal

A

Process by which worn-out cells are replaced

50
Q

Reproduction

A

Process by which new organisms are generated

51
Q

Responsiveness

A

Ability of an organisms or system to adjust to changes in conditions

52
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

2D vertical plane that divides the body into R/L sides

53
Q

Section

A

A single flat surface of a 3D structure that has been cut through

54
Q

Sensor

A

Reports a monitored physiological value to the control center

55
Q

Serosa

A

Membrane that covers organs and reduces friction; serous membrane

56
Q

Set Point

A

ideal value for a physiological parameter; the level or small range within which a physiological parameter such as blood pressure is stable and optimally healthful, that is, within its parameters of homeostasis

57
Q

Spinal Cavity

A

Division of the dorsal cavity that houses the spinal cord; vertebral cavity

58
Q

Superficial

A

Describes a position nearer to the surface of the body

59
Q

Superior

A

Describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper; cranial

60
Q

Supine

A

Face up

61
Q

Systemic Anatomy

A

Study of the structures that contribute to specific body systems

62
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

Division of the anterior (ventral) cavity that houses the heart, lungs, esophagus, and trachea

63
Q

Tissue

A

Group of similar or closely related cells that act together to perform a specific function

64
Q

Transverse Plane

A

2D, horizontal plane that divides the body or organ into superior and inferior portions

65
Q

Ultrasonography

A

Application of ultrasonic waves to visualize subcutaneous body structures such as tendons and organs

66
Q

Ventral

A

Describes the front direction towards the front of the body; anterior

67
Q

X-Ray

A

Form of high energy electromagnetic radiation with a short wavelength capable of penetrating solids and ionizing gases; used in medicine as a diagnostic aid to visualize body structures such as bones

Anatomy & Physiology 1 (6 decks)

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