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Anatomy & Physiology 1 > Chapter 27 > Flashcards

Chapter 27 Flashcards

1
Q

Alveoli

A

(of the breast) milk-secreting cells in the mammary gland

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2
Q

Ampulla

A

(of the uterine tube) middle portion of the uterine tube in which fertilization often occurs

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3
Q

Antrum

A

Fluid-filled chamber that characterizes a mature tertiary (antral) follicle

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4
Q

Areola

A

Highly pigmented, circular area surrounding the raised nipple and containing areolar glands that secrete fluid important for lubrication during suckling

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5
Q

Bartholin’s glands / Greater Vestibular Glands

A

Glands that produce a thick mucus that maintains moisture in the vulva area; also referred to as the greater vestibular glands

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6
Q

Blood-testis Barrier

A

Tight junctions between Sertoli cells that prevent bloodborne pathogens from gaining access to later stages of spermatogenesis and prevent the potential for an autoimmune reaction to haploid sperm

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7
Q

Body of Uterus

A

Middle section of the uterus

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8
Q

Broad Ligament

A

Wide ligament that supports the uterus by attaching laterally to both sides of the uterus and pelvic wall

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9
Q

Bulbourethral Glands (Cowper’s Glands)

A

Glands that secrete a lubricating mucus that cleans and lubricates the urethra prior to and during ejaculation

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10
Q

Cervix

A

Elongate inferior end of the uterus where it connects to the vagina

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11
Q

Clitoris

A

Nerve-rich area of the vulva that contributes to sexual sensation during intercourse

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12
Q

Corpus Albicans

A

Nonfunctional structure remaining in the ovarian stroma following structural and functional regression of the corpus luteum

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13
Q

Corpus Cavernosum

A

Either of two columns or erectile tissue in the penis that fill with blood during an erection

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14
Q

Corpus Luteum

A

Transformed follicle after ovulation that secretes progesterone

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15
Q

Corpus Spongiosum

A

Column of erectile tissue in the penis that fills with blood during an erection and surrounds the penile ue=rethra on the ventral portion of the penis

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16
Q

Ductus Deferens / Van Deferens

A

Duct that transports sperm from the epididymis through the spermatic cord and into the ejaculatory duct

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17
Q

Ejaculatory Duct

A

Duct that connects the ampulla of the ductus deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle at the prostatic urethra

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18
Q

Endometrium

A

Inner lining of the uterus, part of which builds up during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle and then sheds with menses

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19
Q

Epididymis

A

Coiled tubular structure in which sperm start to mature and are stored until ejaculation

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20
Q

Fimbriae

A

Fingerlike projections on the distal uterine tubes

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21
Q

Follicle

A

Ovarian structure of one oocyte and surrounding granulosa (and later theca) cells

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22
Q

Folliculogenesis

A

Development of ovarian follicles from primordial to tertiary under the stimulation of gonadotropins

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23
Q

Fundus

A

Domed portion of the uterus that is superior to the uterine tubes

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24
Q

Gamete

A

Haploid reproductive cell that contributes genetic material to form an offspring

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25
Q

Glans Penis

A

Bulbous end of the penis that contains a large number of the nerve endings

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26
Q

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

A

Hormone released by the hypothalamus that regulates the production of follicle-stimulating hormone and lutenizing hormone from the pituitary gland

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27
Q

Gonads

A

Reproductive organs (testes in men and ovaries in women) that produce gametes and reproductive hormones

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28
Q

Granulosa Cells

A

Supportive cells in the ovarian follicle that produce estrogen

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29
Q

Hymen

A

Membrane that covers part of the opening of the vagina

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30
Q

Infundibulum

A

wide, distal portion of the uterine tube terminating in fimbriae

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31
Q

Inguinal Canal

A

Opening in abdominal wall that connects the testes to the abdominal cavity

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32
Q

Isthmus

A

Narrow, medial portion of the uterine tube that joins the uterus

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33
Q

Labia Majora

A

Hair-covered fold of skin located behind the mons pubis

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34
Q

Labia Minora

A

Thin, pigmented, hairless flaps of skin located medial and deep in the labia majora

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35
Q

Lactiferous Ducts

A

Ducts that connect the mammary glands to the nipple and allow for the transportation of milk

36
Q

Lactiferous Sinus

A

Area of milk connection between alveoli and lactiferous duct

37
Q

Leydig Cells

A

Cells between the seminiferous tubules of the tetses that produce testosterone; and type of interstitial cell

38
Q

Mammary Glands

A

Glands inside the breast that secrete milk

39
Q

Menarche

A

First menstruation in a pubertal female

40
Q

Menses / Menstruation

A

Shedding of the inner portion of the endometrium out through the vagina

41
Q

Menses Phase

A

Phase of the menstrual cycle in which the endometrial lining is shed

42
Q

Menstrual Cycle

A

Approximately 28-day cycle of changes in the uterus consisting of a menses phase, a proliferative phase, and a secretory phase

43
Q

Mons Pubis

A

Mound of fatty tissue located at the front of the vulva

44
Q

Müllerian Duct

A

Duct system present in the embryo that will eventually form the internal female reproductive structures

45
Q

Myometrium

A

Smooth muscle layer of uterus that allows for uterine contractions during labor and expulsion of menstrual blood

46
Q

Oocyte

A

Cell that results from the division of the oogonium and undergoes meiosis 1 at the LH surge and meiosis 2 at fertilization to become a haploid ovum

47
Q

Oogenesis

A

Process by which oogonia divide by mitosis to primary oocytes, which undergo meiosis to produce the secondary oocyte and, upon fertilization, the ovum

48
Q

Oogonia

A

Ovarian stem cells that undergo mitosis during female fetal development to form primary oocytes

49
Q

Ovarian Cycle

A

Approximately 28-day cycle of changes in the ovary consisting of follicular phase and a luteal phase

50
Q

Ovaries

A

Female gonads that produce oocytes and sex steroid hormones (estrogen & progesterone)

51
Q

Ovulation

A

Release of a secondary oocyte and associated granulosa cells from an ovary

52
Q

Ovum

A

Haploid female gamete resulting from completion of meiosis 2 at fertilization

53
Q

Penis

A

Male organ of copulation

54
Q

Perimetrium

A

Outer epithelial layer of uterine wall

55
Q

Polar Body

A

Smaller cell produced during the process of neiosis in oogenesis

56
Q

Prepuce / Foreskin

A

Flap of skin that forms a collar around, and thus protects and lubricates, the glans penis; also referred as the foreskin

57
Q

Primary Follicles

A

Ovarian follicles with a primary oocyte and one layer of cuboidal granulosa cells

58
Q

Primordial Follicles

A

Least developed ovarian follicles that consist of a single oocyte and a single layer of flat (squamous) granulosa cells

59
Q

Proliferative Phase

A

Phase of the menstrual cycle in which the endometrium proliferates

60
Q

Prostate Gland

A

Doughnut-shaped gland at the base of the bladder surrounding the urethra and contributing fluid to semen during ejaculation

61
Q

Puberty

A

Life stage during which a male or female adolescent becomes anatomically and physiologically capable of reproduction

62
Q

Rugae

A

Folds of the skin in the vagina that allow it to stretch during intercourse and childbirth

63
Q

Scrotum

A

External pouch of skin and muscle that houses the testes

64
Q

Secondary Follicles

A

Ovarian follicles with a primary oocyte and multiple layers of granulosa cells

65
Q

Secondary Sex Characteristics

A

Physical characteristics that are influenced by sex steroid hormones and have supporting roles in reproductive function

66
Q

Secretory Phase

A

Phase of the menstrual cycle in which the endometrium secretes a nutrient-rich fluid in preparation for implantation of an embryo

67
Q

Semen

A

Ejaculatory fluid composed of sperm and secretions from the seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands

68
Q

Seminal Vesicle

A

Gland that produces seminal fluid, which contributes to semen

69
Q

Seminiferous tubules

A

Tube structures within the testes where spermatogenesis occurs

70
Q

Sertoli Cells

A

Cells that support germ cells through the process of spermatogenesis; a type of sustentacular cell

71
Q

Sperm

A

Male gamete

72
Q

Spermatic Cord

A

Bundle of nerves and blood vessels that supplies the testes; contains ductus deferens

73
Q

Spermatid

A

Immature sperm cells produced by meiosis 2 of secondary spermatocytes

74
Q

Spermatocyte

A

Cell that results from the division of spermatogonium and undergoes meiosis 1 and 2 to form spermatids

75
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

Formulation of new sperm, occurs in the seminiferoud tubules of the testes

76
Q

Spermatogonia

A

Diploid precursor cells that become sperm

77
Q

Spermiogenesis

A

Transformation of spermatids to spermatoza during spermatogenesis

78
Q

Suspensory Ligaments

A

Bands of connective tissue that suspend the breast onto the chest wall by attachment to the overlying dermis

79
Q

Tertiary / Antral Follicles

A

Ovarian follicles with a primary or secondary oocyte, multiple layers of granulosa cells, and a fully formed antrum

80
Q

Testes

A

Male gonads

81
Q

Theca Cells

A

Estrogen-producing cells in a maturing ovarian follicle

82
Q

Uterine Tubes / Fallopian Tubes

A

Ducts that facilitate transport of an ovulated oocyte to the uterus

83
Q

Uterus

A

Muscular hollow organ in which a fertilized egg develops into a fetus

84
Q

Vagina

A

Tunnel-like organ that provides access to the uterus for the insertion of semen and from the uterus for the birth of a baby

85
Q

Vulva

A

External female genitalia

86
Q

Wolffian Duct

A

Duct system present in the embryo that will eventually form the internal male reproductive structures

Anatomy & Physiology 1 (6 decks)

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