chapter 4

Question 1

4 Era’s of Policing

Answer 1

1.Pre-Modern Era (Prior to 1820)
2.Political Era (1820 to 1940)
3.Professional Era (1940 to 1980)
4.Community Policing Era (1980 to Present)

Question 2

Pre-Modern Era (Prior to 1820)

Answer 2

Relied on informal methods of maintaining order (hue and cry)
Unpaid volunteers who served part-time

Question 3

Political Era

Answer 3

By the early 1800s, local politicians were key to establishing police services (and many used the police to further their interests, both legal and not).
Police forces became more formalized, and their operations were shaped by political considerations

Question 4

Professional Era

Answer 4

The civil rights movement and social unrest brought issues of police accountability and community relations

Question 5

Three pillars of community policing

Answer 5

Citizen involvement: The police consult the public about identifying and prioritizing community problems.
Problem-solving/problem-oriented approach: The police analyze crime information and draw on the insight of community members to develop strategies to prevent crime and disorder-related problems.
Decentralization: Decision-making moves closer to the front lines rather than police administrators.

Question 6

Federal Policing

Answer 6

RCMP, enforcement of federal laws-peacekeeping missions-border integrity

Question 7

Provincial Policing

Answer 7

​​ 3 provinces have their own provincial police service
In BC: RCMP is contracted as provincial police force (E-Division)
2 main responsibilities:
- Detachment policing
- Provincial police infrastructure

Question 8

Municipal

Answer 8

Municipal police forces make up the bulk of Canadian police services
Generally responsible for all criminal matters within their jurisdiction
138 municipal force across Canada (12 in BC)