chapter 4

Question 1

active transport

Answer 1

the movement of molecules and ions from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration ( against concentration gradient) using ATP and carrier protein

Question 2

active transport process

Answer 2

1-transport is through carrier protein spanning cell membrane
2-molecules binds to a receptor complementary in shape on the protein
3-ATP binds to the carrier protein from inside the cell, it is then hydrolyzed into ADP + Pi which releases energy
4- causes carrier protein to change in shape and release the molecule to the other side
5- phosphate ions are released and the protein return to its original shape

Question 3

osmosis

Answer 3

movement of water molecules from an area of high water potential to an area of low water potential across a partially permeable membrane

Question 4

hypertonic solution

Answer 4

the water potential of a solution is more negative then the cell

Question 5

isotonic solution

Answer 5

the water potential is the same in the solution and the cell within the solution

Question 6

hypotonic solution

Answer 6

the water potential of a solution is more positive than the cell

Question 7

why do cells do not lose or gain mass in an isotonic solution

Answer 7

there’s no movement f water in and out of the cell. no difference in the water potential

Question 8

simple diffusion

Answer 8

movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. down concentration gradient. no ATP required

Question 9

facilitated diffusion

Answer 9

passive process
movement of ions and polar molecules, which cannot simply diffuse, can be transported across cell membrane using protein channels and carrier proteins

Question 10

components of cell membrane

Answer 10

• phospholipid
• cholesterol
• proteins
  -glycoproteins
  -glycolipids

Question 11

phospholipids

Answer 11

create a bilayer due to hydrophilic head which is attracted to water, and hydrophobic tails being repelled by water

Question 12

proteins

Answer 12

embedded across the membrane
integral protein are carrier and channel protein for transport

Question 13

glycolipids

Answer 13

lipids attached to the peripheral proteins and are involved in cell recognition as a receptor

Question 14

glycoproteins

Answer 14

carbohydrates attached to peripheral proteins and involved in cell recognition as receptors

Question 15

cholesterol

Answer 15

restrict lateral movement of the other molecules in the membrane less fluid at high temperature

Question 16

co-transport

Answer 16

-sodium ions transported out of epithelial cell by active transport
-reduces the sodium ion concentration in the epithelial cell
-sodium ions can then diffuse from lumen down their concentration gradient into the epithelial cell
-proteins that transport sodium is co-transport protein glucose and amino acid attach and is transported against concentration gradient
- glucose then moves by facilitated diffusion from the epithelial cell to the blood