Chapter 13

Question 1

Ecosystem

Answer 1

All living and non-living components

Question 2

primary producer

Answer 2

organism that make their own glucose

Question 3

primary consumers

Answer 3

feed on producers

Question 4

secondary producers

Answer 4

feed on primary consumers

Question 5

tertiary producer

Answer 5

feed on secondary producers

Question 6

biomass

Answer 6

the mass of living material of the organism or tissue

the chemical energy that is stored within the organism or tissue

Question 7

how is biomass measured

Answer 7

-dry mass of an organism/tissue
-mass of carbon that organism contains

Question 8

Calorimetry

Answer 8

can be used to estimate the chemical energy stored in dry biomass

Question 9

gross primary production

Answer 9

the amount of chemical energy stored in the carbohydrates within plants (during photosynthesis)

Question 10

gross primary productivity

Answer 10

the rate at which plants are able to store chemical energy via photosynthesis is referred to as gross primary productivity

Question 11

Net primary production

Answer 11

refers to the amount of energy available to herbivores in the plants biomass after plant respiratory losses

Question 12

NPP equation

Answer 12

NPP= GPP-R

Question 13

trophic levels

Answer 13

describe the position of an organism in a food chain ,web or pyramid

Question 14

Ammonification

Answer 14

ammonia produced from nitrogenous compounds

Question 15

Nitrification

Answer 15

conversion of ammonia to nitrite ions and then to nitrate ions

Question 16

Nitrogen fixation

Answer 16

conversion of nitrogen gas into nitrogen containing compounds by bacteria

Question 17

Denitrification

Answer 17

bacteria convert nitrates in soil into nitrogen gas with anaerobic conditions

Question 18

Mycorrhizae

Answer 18

fungi that grows in association with plant roots, and improve the plants uptake of water and inorganic ions

Question 19

Saprobionts

Answer 19

decomposers that releases phosphate, ammonia, and ammonium ions

Question 20

Nitrifying bacteria

Answer 20

bacteria that oxidize ammonium ions to nitrites, and nitrites to nitrates

Question 21

Denitrifying bacteria

Answer 21

use nitrates to respire anaerobically and release nitrogen gas

Question 22

Leaching

Answer 22

excess ions can be washed into rivers and waterways causing pollution

Question 23

Eutrophication

Answer 23

nitrates in water cause rapid growth, plants block light to the river bed causing plants to die and decompose which uses oxygen