Chapter 4

Question 1

-Beliefs and feelings related to a person or an event.
-Feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond favorably or unfavorably to objects, people, and events.

Answer 1

ATTITUDE

Question 2

Difference of attitude and Behavior

Answer 2

ATTITUDE
Our inside beliefs- What we are inside-

BEHAVIOR
-Our outside action -What we do outside

Question 3

THREE DIMENSIONS OF ATTITUDE

Answer 3

-AFFECT (feelings)
-BEHAVIOR (tendency to act)
-COGNITION (thoughts)

Question 4

Disjuncture between attitudes and actions. What people say often differs from what they do.

Answer 4

MORAL HYPOCRISY

Question 5

ATTITUDES CAN PREDICT BEHAVIOR WHEN:

Answer 5

-Social influences on what we say are minimal
-When other influences on behavior are minimal
-When attitudes are specific to the behavior
-When attitudes are potent

Question 6

Measure implicit (unconscious) attitudes Use time reaction to measure how quickly people associate concepts.

Answer 6

IMPLICIT ASSOCIATION TEST (IAT)

Question 7

A center for threat perception
Active when we automatically evaluate social stimuli.
High activity = Automatic association

Answer 7

AMYGDALA

Question 8

SOME CRITICISMS OF IAT

Answer 8

Low test-retest reliability
Topic of discrimination is still controversial

Question 9

POSITIVE OF IAT

Answer 9

Confirms dual processing; our capacity to (1) automatically think and (2) manually think.

Question 10

Overall batting average of a certain behavior. Effects of an attitude become more apparent.

Answer 10

PRINCIPLE OF AGGREGATION

Question 11

Knowing people’s intended behavior and their perceived self-efficacy, and control.
All together create good intention leading to guided behavior

Answer 11

THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR

Question 12

A set of norms that defines how people in a given social position ought to behave.

Answer 12

ROLE

Question 13

Guards and prisoners in the Stanford prison simulation quickly absorbed the roles they played

Answer 13

STANFORD PRISON EXPERIMENT

Question 14

We see making a good impression as a way to gain social and material rewards, to feel better about ourselves, even to become more secure in our social identities

Answer 14

SELF-PRESENTATION: IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT

Question 15

ATTITUDES-FOLLOW-BEHAVIOR THEORIES

Answer 15

Self-presentation Theory
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
Self-perception Theory

Question 16

A tendency to feel tension, when two of our thoughts or beliefs are inconsistent

Answer 16

SELF-JUSTIFICATION: COGNITIVE DISSONANCE

Question 17

The tendency of individuals to unconsciously dismiss evidence that does not reflect the beliefs that predominate in their group

Answer 17

Identity-protective Cognition

Question 18

Reduction of dissonance by internally justifying one’s behavior when external justification is “insufficient”

Answer 18

Insufficient Justification

Question 19

The desirable features of what you had rejected and the undesirable features of what you had chosen

Answer 19

Dissonant cognitions

Question 20

When we are unsure of our attitudes, we infer them much as would someone observing us - by looking at our behavior and the circumstances under which it occur

Answer 20

SELF-PERCEPTION THEORY

Question 21

Tendency of facial expressions to rigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness.
Motions trigger emotions.

Answer 21

FACIAL FEEDBACK EFFECT

Question 22

Result of bribing people to do what they already like doing; they may then see their actions as externally controlled rather tha intrinsically appearing.

Answer 22

OVERJUSTIFICATION EFFECT

Question 23

Does not diminish intrinsic interest because people can still attribute their actions to their own motivations.

Answer 23

UNANTICIPATED REWARDS AND PRAISE

Question 24

2 OVERJUSTIFICATION EFFECT

Answer 24

External reward- Extrinsic Motivation
No external reward- Intrinsic Motivation

Question 25

People often experience a self-image threat after engaging in an undesirable behavior

Answer 25

SELF-AFFIRMATION THEORY

Question 26

Difference of Dissonance Theory and Self-Perception Theory

Answer 26

DISSONANCE THEORY
Attitudes are well formed ;Explains attitude change
SELF-PERCEPTION THEORY
Attitudes are not well formed ;Explains attitude formation