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A&P > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Covers exposed surfaces
Lines internal passageways and chambers
Produces glandular secretions

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2
Q

Connective tissue

A

Fills internal spaces
Provides structural support
Stores energy
Transports

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3
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Contracts to produce movement

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4
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Propagates electrical impulses.
Carries information.

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5
Q

Epithelial tissue includes

A

epithelia and glands

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6
Q

What are the 4 functions of epithelial tissue

A
  1. Provides physical protection
  2. Control permeability
  3. Provide sensation
  4. Provides specialized secretions
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7
Q

How is the integrity of epithelia maintained?

A

by intercellular connections, attachment to the basement membrane
and epithelial maintenance and repair.

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8
Q

Regeneration of epithelial tissue is possible by ____

A

continual division of stem cells

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9
Q

Simple squamous epithelium

A

Function: Reduces friction; controls vessel permeability; performs absorption and secretion.
Structure: Flat; lines the peritoneal cavity- helps with connective tissue. Works together with it in the alveoli of lungs.

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10
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium

A

Function: Provides physical protection against abrasion, pathogens, and chemical attack.
Structure: Superficial square, cubes; surface of skin, lining of mouth.

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11
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Function: Limited protection, secretion, absorption
Structure: Works with connective tissue in kidney.

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12
Q

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

Function: protection, secretion, absorption
Structure: Works with connective tissue in sweat glands.

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13
Q

Transistional epithelium

A

Function: Permits repeated cycles of stretching without damage.
Structure: Blader, ureters, works with connective tissue and smooth muscle layers

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14
Q

Simple columnar epithelium

A

Functions: Protection, secretion, absorption
Structure: Tall, lining of stomach, intestine, gallbladder, ducts of kidneys.

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15
Q

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

A

Function: Protection, secretion, move mucus and cilia.
Structure: Works w/ loose connective tissue in the trachea, lining of nasal cavity, and portions of male reproductive tract

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16
Q

Stratified columnar epithelium

A

Function: Protection
Structure: Small areas of the pharynx, epiglottis, anus, mammary glands, salivary gland ducts, and urethra; works w/ loose connective tissue, basement membrane, mix of tall and cubes.

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17
Q

Endocrine glands

A

release hormones that enter bloodstream, no ducts

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18
Q

exocrine glands

A

produce exocrine secretions and discharge secretions through ducts onto epithelial surfaces.

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19
Q

Goblet cells are

A

unicellular exocrine glands

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20
Q

What are the 3 components of connective tissues

A
  1. Specialized cells
  2. Extracellular protein fibers
  3. Fluid called ground substance
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21
Q

Matrix is made up of

A

extracellular protein fibers and ground substance.

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22
Q

Matrix makes up

A

majority of tissue volume and determines specialized function

23
Q

Functions of connective tissue

A

Establishing a structural framework for the body, transporting fluids and dissolved materials, protecting delicate organs, supporting, surrounding, and interconnecting other types of tissue, storing energy reserves, especially triglycerides, and defending the body from invading microorganisms.

24
Q

3 types of connective tissue

A

connective tissue proper, fluid connective tissues, supporting connective tissues

25
Q

Connective tissue proper

A

connect and protect

26
Q

Fluid connective tissues

A

transport

27
Q

supporting connective tissues

A

structural strength

28
Q

Ground substance

A

is clear, colorless, and viscous and fills spaces between cells and slows pathogen movement.

29
Q

Loose connective tissues

A

packs material; fills spaces between organs, cushion cells, and support epithelia

30
Q

types of loose connective tissues

A

areolar, adipose, and reticular

31
Q

Areolar tissue

A

Function: cushions organs; provides support but permits independent movement: phagocytic cells provide defense against pathogens
Structure: Dermis of skin, lines respiratory and urinary tracts.

32
Q

Adipose tissue

A

Function: Provides padding and cushions shocks; insulates, stores energy.
Structure: Deep to the skin, at sides, pads eyes + kidneys

33
Q

Reticular tissue

A

Function: Provides supporting framework
Structure: Liver, kidney, spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow

34
Q

Three types of dense connective tissue

A

Dense regular, dense irregular, and elastic

35
Q

Dense regular

A

Function: Provides firm attachment; conducts pull of muscles; reduces friction between muscles; stabilizes positions of bones
Structure: Between skeletal muscles and skeleton; between bones or stabilizing positions of internal organs (ligaments); covering skeletal muscles

36
Q

Elastic tissue

A

Function: Stabilizes positions of vertebrae and penis; cushions shocks; permits expansion and contraction of organs

36
Q

Dense irregular

A

Function: Provides strength to resist forces from many directions; helps prevent overexpansion of organs, such as the urinary bladder.
Structure: Capsules of visceral organs; periostea and perichondria; nerve and muscle sheaths; dermis.

36
Q

Fluid connective tissues include

A

blood and lymph

36
Q

Lymph

A

forms as interstitial fluid that enters lymphatic vessels
monitored by immune system
returned to veins near the heart.

36
Q

Blood

A

contains watery matrix called plasma and cells/cell fragments collectively known as formed elements.

36
Q

Supporting connective tissue includes

A

Cartilage, perichondrium

36
Q

3 types of cartilage

A

Hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage

36
Q

Elastic

A

Functions: Provides support, but tolerates distortion without damage and returns to original shape
Structure: Ear, epiglottis, auditory canal, larynx

37
Q

Hyaline

A

Function: Provides stiff, but somewhat flexible support; reduces friction between bony surfaces
Structure: Between tips of ribs and bones of sternum; covering bone surfaces at synovial joints; supporting larynx, trachea, and bronchi

37
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Function: Resists compression; prevents bone-to-bone contact; limits movement.
Structure: Pads within knee joint; between public bones of pelvis; intervertebral discs

38
Q

Bone

A

osseous tissue

39
Q

Calcified bone

A

Resists shattering (flexible collagen fibers)

40
Q

Osteocytes

A

Arranged around central canals within matrix
Small channels through matrix, canaliculi, allow for exchange of materials with blood.

41
Q

Skeletal muscle tissue

A

Function: Moves/stabilizes the position of the skeleton; guards entrance and exits to the digestive, respiratory, and urinary tracts; generates heat; protects internal organs
Structure: Combined w/ connective + neural tissue in skeletal muscles.

42
Q

Cardiac muscle tissue

A

Functions: Circulates blood; maintains blood pressure
Structure: Heart

43
Q

Smooth Muscle Tissue

A

Function: Moves food, urine, and reproductive tract secretions. Regulates diameter of blood vessels.
Structure: Found in the walls of blood vessels and in digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive organs.

44
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Neurons + neuroglia

45
Q

Neuroglia

A

Maintain physical structure of tissues, repair tissue framework after injury, performs phagocytosis, provide nutrients to neurons, regular the composition of the interstitial fluid surrounding neurons.

46
Q

Tissues respond to injury in two stages

A

Inflammation and regeneration to restore normal function

A&P (14 decks)

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