Chapter 15

Question 1

Chemoreceptors in and near respiratory centers of medulla are sensitive to:

Answer 1

changes in pH and CO2 in cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 2

Chemoreceptors of Carotid Bodies are sensitive to changes in:

Answer 2

CO2 and O2, PH.

Question 3

What do chemoreceptors in and near respiratory centers of medulla trigger?

Answer 3

reflexive adjustments in depth and rate of respiration

Question 4

Chemoreceptors of carotid bodies project information through what cranial nerve?

Answer 4

IX

Question 5

Chemoreceptors of Aortic Bodies are sensitive to

Answer 5

changes in pH, CO2, O2, in blood.

Question 6

Information from chemoreceptors of Aortic bodies are projected via what cranial nerve?

Answer 6

X

Question 7

First-order neurons

Answer 7

Sensory neurons deliver sensations to CNS

Question 8

Second-order neuron

Answer 8

interneuron in spinal cord or brainstem that receives information from first-order neuron

it crosses to the OPPOSITE side of CNS (decussation)

Question 9

Third-order neuron

Answer 9

Neuron in thalamus that must receive information from second-order neuron (for the sensation to reach our awareness.

Question 10

Visceral sensory information is collected by

Answer 10

interoceptors monitoring visceral tissues and organs (primarily within thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

Question 11

Interoceptors include

Answer 11

nociceptors, baroreceptors, thermoreceptors, tactile receptors, chemoreceptors

Question 12

Somatic nervous ststem

Answer 12

controls contractions of skeletal muscles
(conscious and subconscious)

Question 13

Somatic motor pathways involve

Answer 13

upper motor neuron + lower motor neuron

Question 14

Upper motor neurons are involved in

Answer 14

cell bodies in CNS processing center (beginning of pathway at cell body in either premotor cortex or primary cortex)

Question 15

Lower motor neuron

Answer 15

has its cell body in nucleus of brainstem or spinal cord in CNS, but its axon extends outside of the CNS.

Question 16

Medial pathway

Answer 16

helps control gross movements of trunk and proximal limb muscles (subconscious pathway)

Question 17

Centers in cerebrum, diencephalon, and brainstem may issue

Answer 17

motor commands in response to subconscious processing

Question 18

Lateral pathway

Answer 18

helps control distal limb muscles that perform precise movements.

Question 19

voluntary responses are conducted by

Answer 19

conscious sensations

Question 20

labeled lines

Answer 20

are lines that carry info about one modalities, types of nerves

Question 21

adaptation

Answer 21

reduces receptor sensitivity in the presence of a constant stimulus

Question 22

tonic

Answer 22

doesn’t go through adaptation.
needs to be able to be active to process information about pain (potential damage)

Question 23

phasic

Answer 23

adaptation- generated for a short time

Question 24

Information from chemoreceptors never reach

Answer 24

the cerebrum (not always consciously aware)

Question 25

posterior column tracts (white matter medial to posterior root) carry

Answer 25

fine touch, vibration, pressure and proprioceptive sensations to the thalamus

Question 26

spinothalamic tracts, carrying

Answer 26

information on touch, temperature, pain, and pressure to the thalamus,

Question 27

The corticospinal pathway begins in which area of the brain?

Answer 27

primary motor cortex

Question 28

An upper motor neuron is contained entirely within

Answer 28

the CNS; it does not innervate any motor units.

Question 29

spinocerebellar pathway

Answer 29

carry proprioceptive and cutaneous information from Golgi tendon organs and muscle spindles to the cerebellum for the coordination of movements. Coordinated movements of legs

Question 30

Referred Pain explained via labeled lines:

Answer 30

the result of a network of interconnecting sensory nerves, that supplies many different tissues.