Chapter 4 Flashcards
Origin
End of the muscle attached to the least movable structure
-muscles generally move towards the origin when contracted
Insertion
End of the muscle attached to the more movable structure
Action
The movement that is accomplished
Cervical muscles
-superficially located
-Hold and stabilize the head
- Keep head positioned
- SCM & Trapezius
Sternocleidomastoid
Origin: Sternum & clavicle
Insertion: Mastoid Process
Action: contract 1, moves to 1 side, contract both moves up and down.
Trapezius
Origin: Occipital & Posterior midline of the cervical region
Insertion: Sternum & Clavicle
Action: Shrugs shoulder
Muscles of facial expressions are grouped by
Scalpal, orbital, and oral
Epicranial muscle
2 bellies
*FRONTAL
-Origin: Epicranial aponeurosis
-Insertion: Skin of eyebrows
-Action: Raises eyebrows
*OCCIPITAL
- Origin: Occipital bone
-Insertion: Epicranial aponeurosis
-Action: Helps with head tilting backward
Orbicularis Oculi
Origin: Orbital rim @ nasal process &frontal rim of maxilla
Insertion: Skin of lateral canthus
Action: Closes eyes, squints
Corrugator Supercilii
Origin: Frontal bone of the supraorbital region
Insertion: Skin of the eyebrows
Action: squinting with eyebrows, brings the skin of the eyebrows towards the nose
Orbicularis fris
-kissing muscle
- more wrinkled on smokers
Origin: Commissures of mouth
Insertion: Skin of the lips
Action: Closes lips, tightens, thins, roll inwards and outward
Buccinator
-Trumpet muscle
Origin: Alveolar
process of maxilla, contes the pterygomandibular
Insertion: Commissures of mouth
Action: Keeps food in your mouth as you chew
Risorius
Origin: Connective tissue of the skin
Insertion: Skin @ commissures
Action: Pulls corners of the mouth back
Levator Labii Superioris
Origin: Infraorbital rim of maxilla
Insertion: Skin towards corners of the mouth, more upper lip
Action: Elevates the upper lip
Levator Labii Superioris alaeque nasi
-Elvis
Origin: Frontal process of maxilla
Insertion: Skin of upper lip & Ala of nose
Action: Lifter of upper lip & flares the ala
Zygomaticus major
Origin: Zygomatic bone
Insertion: Upper lips towards the corner of the mouth
Action: Lifts the upper lip (helps smile)
Zygomaticus Minor
Origin: Zygomatic bone
Insertion: Upper lip (a little higher the major)
Action:Elevates the upper lips (helps with smile
Levator anguli oris
Origin: Canine fossa
Insertion: upper lip, near corners of the mouth
Action: Pulls up the angle of the mouth
Depressor angle oris
Origin: Inferior border of the mandible
Insertion: Corners of the mouth
Action: Depresses the angle of the mouth
Depressor labii inferioris
Origin: Inferior border of the mandible
Insertion: Skin of the lower lip
Action: depresses the lower lip, exposes the mandibular incisors
Mentalis
Origin: Midline of the mandible
Insertion: skin of the chin
Action: lifts the chin, protrudes lower lip
Platysma
Origin: skin superficial to the clavicle
Insertion: Inferior border of the mandible
Action: Moves the skin of the neck
Muscles of mastication
- all attached to the mandible
- work with the TMJ to accomplish jaw movement
Masseter
- Largest and strongest muscle on the face
**SUPERFICIAL & Deep
Origin: Zygomatic arch
Insertion: Mandible (superficial- angle, Deep- more towards ramus)
Action: Elevates the mandible
Temporalis
Origin: Temporal fossa
Insertion: Coronoid process
Action: elevates the mandible
Medial Pterygoid
- vertical
-deep and superficial
Origin:- Superficial: maxillary tuberosity
- Deep: Lateral plate of pterygoid process
Insertion: Angle of the mandible
Action: Elevates the mandible
Lateral Pterygoid
- horizontal
- Superior and inferior
Origin:
-Superior: Sphenoid bone
-Inferior: Pterygoid process
Insertion: condyle of mandible
Action:
Both- depresses the mandible
Only 1- shifts the jaw
Digastric
Divided Into two bellies
Anterior (horizontal)
-Origin: Hyoid bone
-Insertion: Mandible
-Action: Elevates the hyoid bone & brings the mandible down
Posterior (vertical)
Origin: Temporalis
Insertion: Hyoid bone
Action: Lifts the mandible
Functions of hyoid muscles
Assist in mastication, and swallowing, mainly through their attachment to the hyoid bone
Mylohyoid
Floor of the mouth
Origin: Inside the mandible
Insertion: Hyoid bone
Action: Elevates the tongue, plays a role in swallowing
Geniohyoid
Origin: Mandible
Insertion: Hyoid
Action: Elevates the hyoid
Stylohyoid
Origin: Styloid process
Insertion: Hyoid
Action: Elevates the hyoid and retracts it back
Omohyoid
Divided into superior and inferior bellies
Superior
-Origin: Inferior belly
-Insertion: Hyoid bone
-Action: depresses the hyoid bone
Inferior
-Origin: Scapula
-Insertion: Superior belly
-Action: depresses the hyoid
Sternohyoid
-Origin: Sternum
-Insertion: Hyoid
-Action: Depresses the hyoid
Sternothyroid
Doesn’t connect to hyoid, but still considered a hyoid muscle
-Origin: Sternum
-Insertion: Thyroid cartilage
-Action: Depresses the thyroid cartilage and larynx
Thyrohyoid
-Origin: Thyroid cartilage
-Insertion: hyoid
-Action: Depresses the hyoid, raises the thyroid
Intrinsic tongue muscles
Make the tongue short and thick:
1. Superior longitudinal
2. Inferior Longitudinal
Make long and narrow:
3. Transverse
4. Vertical
Extrinsic tongue muscles
Styloglossus
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
-Origin: Styloid
-Insertion: Tongue
-Action: Retracts the tongue
Genioglossus
-Origin: Genial tubercles
-Insertion: Tongue
-Action: Sticks tongue out
Hyoglossus
-Origin: Hyoid
-Insertion: Tongue
-Action: Depresses then tongue, pulls towards hyoid
Pharynx muscles function
involved in speaking, swallowing, and middle ear function
*specifically ignition of swallowing process
Stylopharyngeus
-Origin: Styloid process
-Insertion: Walls of pharynx
-Action: Elevated and widens the pharynx
Pharyngeal constricter
- superior, inferior, middle
- forms the side and back walls of pharynx
- raise the pharynx and larynx
Palatoglossus
Elevates the base of the tongue
Palatopharyngeus
moves the palate back and down, brings the pharyngeal wall forward to help swallow
Levator Veli Palatini
Lifts the palatal muscle
Tensor Veli palatini
tension to palatal muscle
Muscle of the uvula
Shortens and broadens the uvula, therefore changes the shape of the soft palate
