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Head & Neck > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Origin

A

End of the muscle attached to the least movable structure
-muscles generally move towards the origin when contracted

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2
Q

Insertion

A

End of the muscle attached to the more movable structure

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3
Q

Action

A

The movement that is accomplished

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4
Q

Cervical muscles

A

-superficially located
-Hold and stabilize the head
- Keep head positioned
- SCM & Trapezius

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5
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Origin: Sternum & clavicle

Insertion: Mastoid Process

Action: contract 1, moves to 1 side, contract both moves up and down.

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6
Q

Trapezius

A

Origin: Occipital & Posterior midline of the cervical region

Insertion: Sternum & Clavicle

Action: Shrugs shoulder

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7
Q

Muscles of facial expressions are grouped by

A

Scalpal, orbital, and oral

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8
Q

Epicranial muscle

A

2 bellies

*FRONTAL
-Origin: Epicranial aponeurosis
-Insertion: Skin of eyebrows
-Action: Raises eyebrows

*OCCIPITAL
- Origin: Occipital bone
-Insertion: Epicranial aponeurosis
-Action: Helps with head tilting backward

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9
Q

Orbicularis Oculi

A

Origin: Orbital rim @ nasal process &frontal rim of maxilla

Insertion: Skin of lateral canthus

Action: Closes eyes, squints

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10
Q

Corrugator Supercilii

A

Origin: Frontal bone of the supraorbital region

Insertion: Skin of the eyebrows

Action: squinting with eyebrows, brings the skin of the eyebrows towards the nose

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11
Q

Orbicularis fris

A

-kissing muscle
- more wrinkled on smokers
Origin: Commissures of mouth

Insertion: Skin of the lips

Action: Closes lips, tightens, thins, roll inwards and outward

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12
Q

Buccinator

A

-Trumpet muscle
Origin: Alveolar
process of maxilla, contes the pterygomandibular

Insertion: Commissures of mouth

Action: Keeps food in your mouth as you chew

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13
Q

Risorius

A

Origin: Connective tissue of the skin

Insertion: Skin @ commissures

Action: Pulls corners of the mouth back

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14
Q

Levator Labii Superioris

A

Origin: Infraorbital rim of maxilla

Insertion: Skin towards corners of the mouth, more upper lip

Action: Elevates the upper lip

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15
Q

Levator Labii Superioris alaeque nasi

A

-Elvis
Origin: Frontal process of maxilla

Insertion: Skin of upper lip & Ala of nose

Action: Lifter of upper lip & flares the ala

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16
Q

Zygomaticus major

A

Origin: Zygomatic bone

Insertion: Upper lips towards the corner of the mouth

Action: Lifts the upper lip (helps smile)

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17
Q

Zygomaticus Minor

A

Origin: Zygomatic bone

Insertion: Upper lip (a little higher the major)

Action:Elevates the upper lips (helps with smile

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18
Q

Levator anguli oris

A

Origin: Canine fossa

Insertion: upper lip, near corners of the mouth

Action: Pulls up the angle of the mouth

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19
Q

Depressor angle oris

A

Origin: Inferior border of the mandible

Insertion: Corners of the mouth

Action: Depresses the angle of the mouth

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20
Q

Depressor labii inferioris

A

Origin: Inferior border of the mandible

Insertion: Skin of the lower lip

Action: depresses the lower lip, exposes the mandibular incisors

21
Q

Mentalis

A

Origin: Midline of the mandible

Insertion: skin of the chin

Action: lifts the chin, protrudes lower lip

22
Q

Platysma

A

Origin: skin superficial to the clavicle

Insertion: Inferior border of the mandible

Action: Moves the skin of the neck

23
Q

Muscles of mastication

A
  • all attached to the mandible
  • work with the TMJ to accomplish jaw movement
24
Q

Masseter

A
  • Largest and strongest muscle on the face
    **SUPERFICIAL & Deep

Origin: Zygomatic arch

Insertion: Mandible (superficial- angle, Deep- more towards ramus)

Action: Elevates the mandible

25
Q

Temporalis

A

Origin: Temporal fossa

Insertion: Coronoid process

Action: elevates the mandible

26
Q

Medial Pterygoid

A
  • vertical
    -deep and superficial
    Origin:
    • Superficial: maxillary tuberosity
    • Deep: Lateral plate of pterygoid process

Insertion: Angle of the mandible

Action: Elevates the mandible

27
Q

Lateral Pterygoid

A
  • horizontal
  • Superior and inferior
    Origin:
    -Superior: Sphenoid bone
    -Inferior: Pterygoid process

Insertion: condyle of mandible

Action:
Both- depresses the mandible
Only 1- shifts the jaw

28
Q

Digastric

A

Divided Into two bellies

Anterior (horizontal)
-Origin: Hyoid bone
-Insertion: Mandible
-Action: Elevates the hyoid bone & brings the mandible down

Posterior (vertical)
Origin: Temporalis
Insertion: Hyoid bone
Action: Lifts the mandible

29
Q

Functions of hyoid muscles

A

Assist in mastication, and swallowing, mainly through their attachment to the hyoid bone

30
Q

Mylohyoid

A

Floor of the mouth
Origin: Inside the mandible

Insertion: Hyoid bone

Action: Elevates the tongue, plays a role in swallowing

31
Q

Geniohyoid

A

Origin: Mandible

Insertion: Hyoid

Action: Elevates the hyoid

32
Q

Stylohyoid

A

Origin: Styloid process

Insertion: Hyoid

Action: Elevates the hyoid and retracts it back

33
Q

Omohyoid

A

Divided into superior and inferior bellies
Superior
-Origin: Inferior belly
-Insertion: Hyoid bone
-Action: depresses the hyoid bone

Inferior
-Origin: Scapula
-Insertion: Superior belly
-Action: depresses the hyoid

34
Q

Sternohyoid

A

-Origin: Sternum

-Insertion: Hyoid

-Action: Depresses the hyoid

35
Q

Sternothyroid

A

Doesn’t connect to hyoid, but still considered a hyoid muscle
-Origin: Sternum

-Insertion: Thyroid cartilage

-Action: Depresses the thyroid cartilage and larynx

36
Q

Thyrohyoid

A

-Origin: Thyroid cartilage

-Insertion: hyoid

-Action: Depresses the hyoid, raises the thyroid

37
Q

Intrinsic tongue muscles

A

Make the tongue short and thick:
1. Superior longitudinal
2. Inferior Longitudinal
Make long and narrow:
3. Transverse
4. Vertical

38
Q

Extrinsic tongue muscles

A

Styloglossus
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus

39
Q

Styloglossus

A

-Origin: Styloid

-Insertion: Tongue

-Action: Retracts the tongue

40
Q

Genioglossus

A

-Origin: Genial tubercles

-Insertion: Tongue

-Action: Sticks tongue out

41
Q

Hyoglossus

A

-Origin: Hyoid

-Insertion: Tongue

-Action: Depresses then tongue, pulls towards hyoid

42
Q

Pharynx muscles function

A

involved in speaking, swallowing, and middle ear function
*specifically ignition of swallowing process

43
Q

Stylopharyngeus

A

-Origin: Styloid process

-Insertion: Walls of pharynx

-Action: Elevated and widens the pharynx

44
Q

Pharyngeal constricter

A
  • superior, inferior, middle
  • forms the side and back walls of pharynx
  • raise the pharynx and larynx
45
Q

Palatoglossus

A

Elevates the base of the tongue

46
Q

Palatopharyngeus

A

moves the palate back and down, brings the pharyngeal wall forward to help swallow

47
Q

Levator Veli Palatini

A

Lifts the palatal muscle

48
Q

Tensor Veli palatini

A

tension to palatal muscle

49
Q

Muscle of the uvula

A

Shortens and broadens the uvula, therefore changes the shape of the soft palate

Head & Neck (8 decks)

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