chapter 4 Flashcards
tisses
are composed of groups of similar cells with a common function
histology
the study of tissues
epithelial tissue
covers surfaces, lines cavities
functions: a boundary (between internal and external)
selective barrier (movement of substances)
secretory surface (release products by the cells eg. sweating)
protective surface (eg. skin- protects us from environmental hazards )
connective tissue- can be avascular to very vascularized
most abundant tissue in the body
binds and supports (strength our body, tissue by holding the connective tissues together)
transport of substances (eg. blood is a connective tissue transports nutrients and oxygen)
storage of energy reserves (fats insulate our body. and helps to protect our bodies from impact injuries. place to store energy like triglycerides)
protection
insulation
muscle tissue
movement, consist of cells that contract to produce movement
nervous tissue
control, is the main components of the nervous system, (brain, spinal cord and nerves) which regulates and controls body functions. contains 2 major cell types. (neurons and neuroglia)
avascular
no direct blood supply eg. cartilage
moderately vascularized
some blood vesicles not extensive amount of blood supply
very vascularized
eg. bone tissue. lots of blood vessels going through it
extracellular matrix
ground substance + fibres
“blasts”
immature cells. cells are secreting the extracellular matrix and are producing the protein fibres found within the connective tissues.
“cytes”
are mature cells, they are not as active and are not making the extracellular matrix but they are maintaining it to make sure it stays healthy
fibroblasts (immature cells)
present infall connective types, they produce the ground substance and fibres
chondroblasts
chondro meaning cartilage. creating the extracellular matrix of the cartilage
adipocytes
fat cells, store triglycerides energy storage vesicle
white blood
part of the immune system, migrate from the blood to connective tissues under certain conditions (wound, or infection) to get rid of whatever is not suppost to be there.
mast cells
release heparin (anticoagulant- prevents clotting) and histamine (dilates blood vessels) immflammtory response- initial immune response
macrophages
large phagocytic cell (cell eater) part of the immune system. produced from different types of WBC. engulfing cells that are not needed to be there.
ground substance
material that fills space between cells and surrounds fibres
consists of water, adhesion proteins and complex polysaccharides
functions: supports cells, bind cells together, stores water, medium for exchange between cells and blood.
fibres- collagen fibres
collagen fibres are long, straight fibres composed of collagen protein (most abundant protein in the body). important and versatile, because they are strong and flexible. they can “bend but not break”
fibres- elastic
are thin branched fibres composed of elastin protein
found in skin, lungs and vessel walls
they have the ability to stretch and recoil
fibres- reticular fibres
are short, thin branched networks of fibres composed of collagen and glycoprotein.
usually seem them creating structural support
muscle tissue
consist of cells that contract to produce movement
skeleton muslce
many nuclei per cell (100 or more per cell)
long, cylindrical cells (1 cell can be a cm long)
under voluntary control (only one under this, a conscious part f the brain is controlling it)
attached to bones
peripheral nuclei (around the outside)
function: moves bones in skeleton
cardiac muscle
one nucleus in centre of cell
branched, shorter fibres
under involuntary control (controlled by the unconscious part of the brain)
striations
found in the walls of the heart
function: contracts heart to propel blood
Smooth cell
one nucleus, in center of cell
short, spindle-shaped cells
under involuntary control
no striations
found in walls of hollow organs
function: to propel content of hollow organs
nervous tissue
is the main component of the nervous system (brain spinal cord and nerves) which regulates and controls body functions (control network of the body)
contain two major cell types (neurons, and neuroglia)
neurons
are nerve cells that generate and conduct nerve impulses. functional cell or units of the nervous system
neuroglia
are the most burnouts non-conducting cells which function ins support, insulation and protection of neurons.
