chapter 4

Question 1

tisses

Answer 1

are composed of groups of similar cells with a common function

Question 2

histology

Answer 2

the study of tissues

Question 3

epithelial tissue

Answer 3

covers surfaces, lines cavities
functions: a boundary (between internal and external)
selective barrier (movement of substances)
secretory surface (release products by the cells eg. sweating)
protective surface (eg. skin- protects us from environmental hazards )

Question 4

connective tissue- can be avascular to very vascularized

Answer 4

most abundant tissue in the body
binds and supports (strength our body, tissue by holding the connective tissues together)
transport of substances (eg. blood is a connective tissue transports nutrients and oxygen)
storage of energy reserves (fats insulate our body. and helps to protect our bodies from impact injuries. place to store energy like triglycerides)
protection
insulation

Question 5

muscle tissue

Answer 5

movement, consist of cells that contract to produce movement

Question 6

nervous tissue

Answer 6

control, is the main components of the nervous system, (brain, spinal cord and nerves) which regulates and controls body functions. contains 2 major cell types. (neurons and neuroglia)

Question 7

avascular

Answer 7

no direct blood supply eg. cartilage

Question 8

moderately vascularized

Answer 8

some blood vesicles not extensive amount of blood supply

Question 9

very vascularized

Answer 9

eg. bone tissue. lots of blood vessels going through it

Question 10

extracellular matrix

Answer 10

ground substance + fibres

Question 11

“blasts”

Answer 11

immature cells. cells are secreting the extracellular matrix and are producing the protein fibres found within the connective tissues.

Question 12

“cytes”

Answer 12

are mature cells, they are not as active and are not making the extracellular matrix but they are maintaining it to make sure it stays healthy

Question 13

fibroblasts (immature cells)

Answer 13

present infall connective types, they produce the ground substance and fibres

Question 14

chondroblasts

Answer 14

chondro meaning cartilage. creating the extracellular matrix of the cartilage

Question 15

adipocytes

Answer 15

fat cells, store triglycerides energy storage vesicle

Question 16

white blood

Answer 16

part of the immune system, migrate from the blood to connective tissues under certain conditions (wound, or infection) to get rid of whatever is not suppost to be there.

Question 17

mast cells

Answer 17

release heparin (anticoagulant- prevents clotting) and histamine (dilates blood vessels) immflammtory response- initial immune response

Question 18

macrophages

Answer 18

large phagocytic cell (cell eater) part of the immune system. produced from different types of WBC. engulfing cells that are not needed to be there.

Question 19

ground substance

Answer 19

material that fills space between cells and surrounds fibres
consists of water, adhesion proteins and complex polysaccharides
functions: supports cells, bind cells together, stores water, medium for exchange between cells and blood.

Question 20

fibres- collagen fibres

Answer 20

collagen fibres are long, straight fibres composed of collagen protein (most abundant protein in the body). important and versatile, because they are strong and flexible. they can “bend but not break”

Question 21

fibres- elastic

Answer 21

are thin branched fibres composed of elastin protein
found in skin, lungs and vessel walls
they have the ability to stretch and recoil

Question 22

fibres- reticular fibres

Answer 22

are short, thin branched networks of fibres composed of collagen and glycoprotein.
usually seem them creating structural support

Question 23

muscle tissue

Answer 23

consist of cells that contract to produce movement

Question 24

skeleton muslce

Answer 24

many nuclei per cell (100 or more per cell)
long, cylindrical cells (1 cell can be a cm long)
under voluntary control (only one under this, a conscious part f the brain is controlling it)
attached to bones
peripheral nuclei (around the outside)
function: moves bones in skeleton

Question 25

cardiac muscle

Answer 25

one nucleus in centre of cell
branched, shorter fibres
under involuntary control (controlled by the unconscious part of the brain)
striations
found in the walls of the heart
function: contracts heart to propel blood

Question 26

Smooth cell

Answer 26

one nucleus, in center of cell
short, spindle-shaped cells
under involuntary control
no striations
found in walls of hollow organs
function: to propel content of hollow organs

Question 27

nervous tissue

Answer 27

is the main component of the nervous system (brain spinal cord and nerves) which regulates and controls body functions (control network of the body)
contain two major cell types (neurons, and neuroglia)

Question 28

neurons

Answer 28

are nerve cells that generate and conduct nerve impulses. functional cell or units of the nervous system

Question 29

neuroglia

Answer 29

are the most burnouts non-conducting cells which function ins support, insulation and protection of neurons.