chapter 1

Question 1

anatomy

Answer 1

study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another

Question 2

macroscopic (gross) anatomy

Answer 2

large, easily observed (things you can see with a naked eye)

Question 3

microscopic anatomy

Answer 3

you need a microscope to observe

Question 4

physiology

Answer 4

study of how the body parts work or function

Question 5

chemical (simplest)

Answer 5

atoms join to form molecules

Question 6

cellular

Answer 6

molecules interact to form cells (lowest level at which life exists)

Question 7

tissue

Answer 7

groups of similar cells with a common function

Question 8

histology

Answer 8

is the study of tissues

Question 9

organ

Answer 9

two or more tissues form an organ with a specific function

Question 10

system

Answer 10

several organs form a system with a common function

Question 11

organism

Answer 11

sum total of all structural levels that together promote life off the whole organism

Question 12

what are the factors needed to maintain life?

Answer 12

• nutrients
• oxygen
• water
• normal body temperature
• normal atmospheric pressure

Question 13

water

Answer 13

makes up 60-80% of the body, provides proper chemical environment for the function of the body to perform

Question 14

normal body temperature

Answer 14

too high makes metabolic functions to occur to fast, if they are breaking down functions are not working, too low metabolic functions are taking to long to perform

Question 15

normal atmospheric pressure

Answer 15

needs to be in a narrow range so enough oxygen can go through the body

Question 16

homeostasis

Answer 16

the ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment

Question 17

what are the 3 basic components of a feedback system?

Answer 17

receptor, a sensor
control center
effector

Question 18

receptor, a sensor

Answer 18

that monitors changes in the environment. if something disrupts the environment the receptors that is monitoring that environment picks it up and sends it to the control centre.

Question 19

control center

Answer 19

analyzes the input from the receptor and determines the appropriate response (sees what needs to be done)

Question 20

effector

Answer 20

relays and administers the response

Question 21

negative feedback system

Answer 21

shuts off the original stimulus or reduces its intensity. its goal is to reverse whatever that is happening (pushing the condition out of the way or shutting it down) ex. blood pressure

Question 22

positive feedback system

Answer 22

intensifies the original stimulus (pushing it further FROM its ideal state) ex. contractions

Question 23

anatomical position

Answer 23

is a standard body position. the body is erect with face and feet forward arms at the side and palms forward

Question 24

superior/inferior

Answer 24

cranial/caudal

Question 25

anterior/posterior

Answer 25

ventral (belly)/dorsal (back end)

Question 26

medial/lateral

Answer 26

medial (moving towards the midline)/ lateral (moving away from the midline)

Question 27

superficial/deep

Answer 27

superficial(closer to the surface ex. skin)/ deep- things inside the skin farther away from the surface

Question 28

proximal/distal

Answer 28

• specific for limbs (arms and legs)
  closer to the point of attachment/ father away from the point of attachment

Question 29

dorsal body cavity

Answer 29

cranial cavity (brain) + vertebral (spinal) cavity

Question 30

ventral body cavity

Answer 30

thoracic cavity + abdominopelvic cavity

Question 31

thoracic cavity

Answer 31

pericardial cavity + 2 pleural cavities

Question 32

abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 32

abdominal cavity + pelvic cavity

Question 33

parietal membrane

Answer 33

lines the cavity

Question 34

visceral membrane

Answer 34

covers the organs within the cavity

Question 35

body cavities

Answer 35

self contained sealed cavities so they can protect