Chapter 4 Flashcards
carp/o
wrist bones
cib/o
meals
cost/o
rib
cutane/o
skin
dactyl/o
fingers, toes
duct/o
to lead, carry
flex/o
to bend
furc/o
forking, branchin
gloss/o
tongue
glyc/o
sugar
immun/o
protection
later/o
side
morph/o
shape, form
mort/o
death
nat/i
birth
necr/o
death
nect/o
to bind, tie, connect
norm/o
rule, order
ox/o
oxygen
pub/o
pubis (pubic bone)
seps/o
infection
somn/o
sleep
son/o
sound
the/o
to put, place
thyr/o
thyroid gland; shield
top/o
place, position, location
tox/o
poison
urethr/o
urethra
-crine
to secrete
-drome
to run
-fusion
coming together; to pour
-gen
substance that produces
-lapse
to slide, fall, sag
-lysis
breakdown, destruction, separation
-meter
to measure
-mission
to send
-or
one who
-partum
birth, labor
-phoria
to bear, carry; feeling (mental state)
-physis
to grow
-plasia
development, formation, growth
-plasm
structure or formation
-pnea
breathing
-ptosis
falling, drooping, prolapse
-rrhea
flow, discharge
-stasis
stopping, controlling
-trophy
development, nourishment
a-, an-
no, not, without
ab-
away from
ad-
toward
ana-
up, apart
ante-
before, forward
anti-
against
auto-
self, own
bi-
two
brady-
slow
cata-
down
con-
with, together
contra-
against, opposite
de-
down, lack of
dia-
through, complete
dys-
bad, painful, difficult, abnormal
ec-
out, outside
en-, -endo-
in, within
epi-
upon, on, above
eu-
good, normal
ex-
out, outside, away from
hemi-
half
hyper-
excessive, above
hypo-
deficient, under
in-
into, within, not
infra-
beneath, under
inter-
between
intra-
in, within, into
macro-
large
mal-
bad
meta-
beyond, change
micro-
small
neo-
new
pan-
all
para-
abnormal, beside, near
per-
through
peri-
surrounding
poly-
many, much
post-
after, behind
pre-
before, in front of
pro-
before, forward
pros-
before, forward
re-
back, again
retro-
behind, backward
sub-
under
supra-
above, upper
syn-, sym-
together, with
tachy-
fast
trans-
across, through
ultra-
beyond, excess
uni-
one
a-, an-, in-
not; no; without
ante-, pre-, pro-
before; forward; in front of
anti-, contra-
against, opposite
con-, syn-, sym-
with; together
de-, cata-
down, lack of
dia-, per-, trans-
through; complete; across
dys-, mal-
bad; abnormal; difficult; painful
ec-, ecto-, ex-
out; outside
endo-, in-, intra-
in; within; into
epi-, hyper-, supra-
upon; on; above; excessive; upper
hypo-, infra-, sub-
under; deficient; beneath
re-, retro-, post-
back; again; behind; backward; after
ultra-, meta-
beyond; excess; change
apnea
without/not breathing
anoxia
without oxygen
abnormal
away from normal
abductor
muscle that draws a limb away from the body
adductor
muscle that draws a limb toward the body
anabolism
process in metabolism where simple molecules combine to generate complex molecules
analysis
detailed examination of the elements or structure of something
urinalysis
laboratory examination of urine that aids in the diagnosis of many medical conditions
antecibum
before meals
anteflexion
displacement forward of an organ so that its axis is bent upon itself
antepartum
before birth
antibiotic
destroy or inhibit growth of microorganisms such as bacteria
antibody
protein produced against an antigen
antigen
substance that stimulates production of an antibody
antisepsis
practice of using antiseptics to eliminate the microorganisms that cause disease
antitoxin
antibody that curates a toxin
autoimmune disease
body makes antibodies against its own good cells and tissues, causing inflammation and injury
bifurcation
normal splitting into two branches
bilateral
having or relating to two sides
bradycardia
slow heart rate
catabolism
breakdown of complex molecules to form simpler ones; form of metabolism
congenital anomaly
inherited medical condition that occurs at or before birth
connective
connective tissue supports and binds other body tissue and parts
contradiction
against a statement or argument
contralateral
affecting the opposite side; stroke affecting right side of brain may cause contralateral paralysis affecting the left arm and leg
dehydration
lack of water
diameter
measurement through something
diarrhea
flow through; waste flowing through colon
dialysis
purification of blood
hemodialysis
waste materials are separated from the blood via a machine when kidneys no longer function
dyspnea
difficult or abnormal breathing
muscular dystrophy
weakness and deterioration
dysentery
infection of the intestines
ectopic pregnancy
the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus
endocardium
smooth membrane which lines the inside chambers of the heart and forms the surface of the valves
endoscope
camera that goes inside the body during procedures
endotracheal
situated or occurring within the trachea
epithelium
thin tissue forming the outer layer of a body’s surface; top layer of the skin
euphoria
feeling of well-being
euthyroid
normal thyroid function
exophthalmos
protrusion of the eyeball associated with enlargement and overactivity of the thyroid gland
hemiglossectomy
operation to remove part of the tongue and adjacent tissue
hyperglycemia
increase in blood sugar
hyperplasia
increase in cell numbers
hypertrophy
increase in size of individual cells
hypodermic injection
injection made into the subcutaneous tissues
hypoglycemia
low blood sugar
insomniac
person who is not able to sleep
incision
cut into
infracostal
situated beneath the ribs
intercostal
lies between adjacent ribs
intravenous
taking place within the veins
macrocephaly
excess fluid in the brain; large head
malaise
discomfort
malignant
very infectious disease; cancerous
metacarpal bones
hand bones that lie beyond the wrist bones but before the finger bones
metamorphisis
change of the form of nature
metastasis
beyond control
microscope
optical instrument used to look at very small things
microcephaly
smaller, underdeveloped brain
neonatal
newborn; interval from birth to 28 days
neoplasm
new and abnormal growth of tissue in some part of the body; associated with cancer
pancytopenia
deficiency of erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes
paralysis
abnormal disruption of the connection between nerve and muscle
parathyroid glands
located beside the thyroid gland
percutaneous
through the skin
pericardium
membrane surrounding the heart
polymorphonuclear
having a nucleus with several lobes and a cytoplasm that contains granules (leukocytes)
polyneuritis
any disorder that affects the peripheral nerves collectively
postmortem
after death
postpartum
after birth
precancerous
cell likely to develop into cancer
prenatal
before birth
prodrome
early symptom indicating the onset of a disease or illness
prolapse
to slide or fall forward
prosthesis
an artificial limb
relapse
a disease or its signs and symptoms return after an apparent recovery
remission
signs and symptoms lessen and the patients feels better
recombinant DNA
DNA that has been formed artificially by combining constituents from different organisms
retroperitoneal
situated or occurring behind the peritoneum
retroflexion
abnormal position of an organ bent or tilted backward
subcutaneous
under the skin
suprapubic
above the pubis or pubic bone
syndactyly
webbed toes or fingers
synthesis
to bring together
symbiosis
occurs when two organisms live together in close association, either for mutual benefit or not
symmetry
equality of parts on opposite sides of the body
symphysis
joint in which the bony surfaces are firmly united by a layer of fibrocartilage
tachypnea
fast breathing
transfusion
transfer of blood or blood parts from one person to another
transurethral
though the urethra
ultrasonography
noninvasive imaging test
