Chapter 3 Flashcards
-algia
pain
-dynia
pain
pleurodynia
pain in the chest wall muscles that is aggravated by breathing
-ectomy
excision, removal
-tomy
incision, cutting into
-stomy
creating a new opening
-gram
record
-graph
instrument for recording
-graphy
process of recording
-itis
inflammation
-logy
study of
-lysis (important)
breakdown, destruction, separation
-malacia
softening
-megaly (important)
enlargement
-oma
tumor, mass, collection of fluid
-opsy
to view
-osis
condition, usually abnormal
-pathy
disease
-penia
deficiency
-phobia
irrational fear
-plasia
development, formation, growth
-plasty
surgical repair
-rrhea
flow, discharge
-ptosis (important)
drooping, sagging, prolapse
-sclerosis
hardening
-scope
instrument for visual examination
-scopy
process of visual examination
-stasis
stopping, controlling, location
-therapy
treatment
-trophy
development, nourishment
-er
one who
-ia
condition
-ist
specialist
-ole
little, small
-ule
little, small
-um, -ium
structure, tissue
-us
structure, substance
-y
condition, process
-ac, -iac, -al, -ar, -ary, -eal, -ic, -ical, -ous, -tic
pertaining to
-genic
pertaining to producing, produced by or in
-oid
resembling
-ose
pertaining to, full of
psychosis plural
psychoses
ovum plural
ova
vertebra pleural
vertebrae
bronchus pleural
bronchi
spermatozoon pleural
spermatozoa
apex pleural
apices
amniocentesis
withdrawal of the fluid that surrounds the embryo for culture and karyotyping
karyotype= individuals collection of chromosomes
pharyngeal tonsil
(pharynx, adenoids)
lymphatic tissue attached to back of the nasopharynx
palatine tonsil
(palate)
pair of soft tissue masses attached to the back of the throat
lingual tonsil
(tongue)
lymphatic tissue located at root of the tongue
epiglottis
(over + vocal cords)
small moveable lid just above larynx to prevent food or drink from going down air pipe
tonsillitis (important)
inflamed tonsils (lymphatic tissues in the back of the throat)
uvula (important)
projection from the middle of the top of the soft palate
splenomegaly (important)
enlarged spleen
occurs with development of high pressure on the spleen
causes: infectious mononucleosis, some parasitic diseases, leukemias
achondroplasia
type of dwarfism characterized by short limbs, normal-sized head and body, and normal intelligence
“without cartilage formation”
blepharoptosis (important)
drooping eyelids
drooping of upper eyelids can affect one or both eyes
arteriole (important)
small artery (arteries carry blood rich in oxygen from the heart to the organs)
venule (important)
small vein that carry oxygen poor blood
nephropathy
disease of the kidneys
osteogenic
pertaining to produced in/by bone
necrotic
pertaining to the death of cells
necro- = death of cells
hernia
protrusion of an organ through the cavity that normally contains it
erythrocytes (important)
red blood cells
transports oxygen from lungs to all body tissues
erythropenia (important)
deficiency of RBCs
leukocytes (important)
white blood cells
lacks hemoglobin
granulocytes (important)
most numerous of WBCs, rid body of various infections, continuously produced from stem cells in bone marrow
basophils (granulocyte)
induce allergic inflammatory response
eosinophils (granulocyte)
destroy parasites; help with inflammatory response
neutrophils (granulocyte)
one of the first cell types to arrive at site of infection where they engulf the infectious microorganisms and consumes it
mononuclear leukocytes
move from blood to sites of infection where they fight the infection
lymphocytes
determine immune response to infectious microorganisms and other foreign substances
monocytes
clean up cellular debris from sites of infections; direct destruction of pathogens
thrombocytes (important)
platelets; prevention and control of bleeding
leukocytosis
elevation in numbers of normal white blood cells in response to an infection
aplastic anemia
bone marrow failure; body stops producing enough new RBCs; uncontrolled bleeding
sickle cell anemia
not enough healthy RBCs to carry oxygen throughout body
ischemia
loss of normal blood flow to a part of the body
myocardial infarction (important)
heart attack resulting from ischemia; loss of blood supply to heart causing dead tissue
acromegaly (important)
endocrine disorder marked by excessive amount of growth hormone after the completion of puberty
tracheotomy (important)
incisions into the trachea typically done to open a blockage; may be performed to remove a foreign body or to obtain a biopsy specimen
tracheostomy (important)
opening into the trachea through which an indwelling tube is inserted
streptococcus (important)
group of twisted bacteria that grow in chains or clusters
staphylococcus (important)
berry shaped bacteria that grow in chains or clusters
diplococci
gram negative bacteria
abdomin/o
abdomen
acr/o
extremities, top, extreme point
acu/o
sharp, severe, sudden
aden/o
gland
adip/o
fat
amni/o
amnion (sac surrounding the embryo in the uterus)
angi/o
vessel
arteri/o
artery
arthr/o
joint
axill/o
armpit
bi/o
life
blephar/o
eyelid
bronch/o
bronchial tubes
carcin/o
cancer
cari/o
heart
chem/o
drug, chemical
chondr/o
cartilage
chron/o
time
col/o
colon (large intestine)
cyst/o
urinary bladder
encephal/o
brain
erythr/o
red
hem/o
blood
hepat/o
liver
hydr/o
water, fluid
inguin/o
groin
isch/o
to hold back
lapar/o
abdomen, abdominal wall
laryng/o
larynx
leuk/o
white
lymph/o
lymph
mamm/o
breast
mast/o
breast
morph/o
shape, form
muc/o
mucus
my/o
muscle
myel/o
spinal cord, bone marrow
necr/o
death (of cells or whole body)
nephr/o
kidney
neutr/o
neutrophil (a white blood cell)
nucle/o
nucleus
ophthalm/o
eye
oste/o
bone
ot/o
ear
path/o
disease
peritone/o
peritoneum
phag/o
to eat, swallow
phleb/o
vein
plas/o
formation, development
pleur/o
pleura
pneumon/o
lungs
pulmon/o
lungs
radi/o
x-rays
rect/o
rectum
ren/o
kidney
rhin/o
nose
sarc/o
flesh
splen/o
spleen
staphyl/o
clusters
strept/o
twisted chains
thorac/o
chest
thromb/o
clot
tonsill/o
tonsils
trache/o
trachea (windpipe)
ven/o
vein
-cele
hernia
-centesis
surgical puncture to remove fluid
-coccus (-cocci)
berry-shaped bacterium
-cyte
cell
-emia
blood condition
-genesis
condition of producing, forming
-plasia
development, formation, growth
ova and sperm cells (spermatozoa)
gametes
study of female reproductive system
gynecology
study of the care and treatments of newborns
neonatology
specialty concerned with pregnancy and delivery of the fetus
obstetrics
occurrence of first cycle
menarche
ending of menstruation; estrogen levels fall
menopause
amni/o
amnion
galact/o
milk
lact/o
milk
finger-like ends of the fallopian tubes
fimbriae
aids the repair of the endometrium; produced by follicle
estrogen
normal delivery fetal position
cephalic presentation
cells from the lining of the uterus grow in other areas in other areas of the body
endometriosis
spirochete bacteria
syphilis
malignant tumor in the ovary
cystadenocarcinomas
premature separation of the implanted placenta
abruptio placentae
abnormal conditions of pregnancy characterized by hypertension (high BP), proteinuria, edema, and headache
preeclampsia
implantation of the placenta over the cervical opening or in the lower region of the cervix
placenta previa
visual examination of the vagina and cervix using a colposcope
colposcopy
dilate the cervix and scrape off the endometrial lining of the uterus
dilation and curettage (D&C)
male gamete
spermatozoon
consists of flagellum which makes the sperm cell mobile
tail of sperm cell
male reproductive system secretes a hormone called:
testosterone
sac containing the male gonad; sac enclosing testes on outside of the body; located outside in cooler temps
scrotum
twins resulting from the fertilization of separate ova by separate sperm cells; hereditary
fraternal twins
tubes that connects epididymis (runs down the length of each testicle, temporary storage for sperm cell) to the urethra
ejaculatory duct
hormones released by leydig cells
androgens
narrow coiled tubes that are the passage for sperm
seminiferous tubules
balan/o
glans penis
crypt/o
hidden, concealed
inflammation of the prostate gland
prostatitis
inability of the adult male to achieve an erection
erectile dysfunction (impotence)
destroys sperm cells
spermolytic substance
use of cold, freezing temperatures to destroy tissue
cryogenic surgery
surgical fixation of an undescended testes into the scrotum
orchiopexy
removal of a testis
orchiectomy
sac of clear fluid in the scrotum
hydrocele
birth defect where urethra has an abnormal opening of the urinary meatus
hypospadias
foreskin
prepuce
bilateral surgical removal of a part of the vas deferens
vasectomy
bartholin/o
bartholin gland
chori/o, chorion/o
chorin
colp/o
vagina
culd/o
cul-de-sac
episi/o
vulva
men/o
menses, menstruation
metr/o, metri/o
uterus
my/o, myom/o
muscle, muscle tumor
nat/i
birth
obstetr/o
pregnancy and childbirth
o/o, ov/o
egg
oophor/o
ovary
ovari/o
ovary
ovul/o
egg
perine/o
perineum
phor/o
to bear
salping/o
fallopian tubes
vulv/o
vulva
-arche
beginning
-cyesis
pregnancy
-gravida
pregnant
-parous
bearing, bringing forth
-salpinx
fallopian tube
-tocia
labor, birth
-version
act of turning
dys-
painful
endo-
within
multi-
many
nulli-
no, not, none
pre-
before
primi-
first
episi/o
vulva
myom/o
muscle tumor
olig/o
scanty
py/o
pus
salping/o
fallopian tubes
-gravida
pregnant
-pareunia
sexual intercourse
-parous
bearing, bringing forth
-salpinx
fallopian (uterine) tube
-tocia, -tocin
labor, birth
oxy-
rapid; sharp; acid
bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
