Chapter #4

Question 1

Sovereignty

Answer 1

The quality of being supreme in power or authority

Question 2

Dual federalism

Answer 2

When the constitution is a compact amongst sovereign states, such that the powers of the national government and the states are clearly differentiated

Question 3

States rights

Answer 3

The idea that all rights not specifically conferred on the national government by the US Constitution are reserved to the states

Question 4

Cooperative federalism

Answer 4

constitution is an agreement among people who are citizens of both state and nation, so there is much overlap between state powers and national powers

Question 5

Pragmatic federalism

Answer 5

Emphasizes practical,
contextual problem-solving rather than rigid theory when deciding whether the balance of power should favor the national government or the states

Question 6

Commerce clause

Answer 6

The third clause of article 1, section 8, of the constitution which gives Congress the power to regulate commerce among the states

Question 7

Grant in aid

Answer 7

Money provided by one level of government to another level of government, sometimes to a non-governmental organization to be spent for a given purpose

Question 8

Categorical grants

Answer 8

Grants in aid targeted for specific purpose for either formula or a project

Question 9

Block grants

Answer 9

Grants in aid awarded for general purposes, allowing the Recipient great discretion in spending the grant money

Question 10

Formula grants

Answer 10

Distributed according to a particular set of rules, called a formula, that specifies who is eligible for the grants and how much each eligible applicant will receive

Question 11

Competitive grants

Answer 11

Grants on the basis of applications submitted by prospective reciprocates who are eligible to compete for the grand

Question 12

Preemption

Answer 12

The power of Congress To enact laws by which the national government assumes total or partial responsibility for a state government function

Question 13

Mandate

Answer 13

A requirement that is state or local government undertake an activity or provide a service, and keeping with minimum national standards

Question 14

Restraint

Answer 14

Requirement prohibiting a state or local government from exercising a certain power

Question 15

Coercive federalism

Answer 15

national government may impose its policy preferences on the states through regulations in the form of mandates and restraints

Question 16

Redistricting

Answer 16

The process of re-drawing boundaries for electoral or other administrative jurisdictions to reflect changes in the population

Question 17

Inter-governmental system

Answer 17

The collection of government made up of national, state, and local units of government

Question 18

Municipal governments

Answer 18

The government units that administer a city or

Question 19

County governments

Answer 19

The government units that administer a county

Question 20

Special districts

Answer 20

Government units created to perform a particular functions, especially when those functions are best performed across jurisdictional boundaries

Question 21

Home rule

Answer 21

The right to an act and enforce legislation locally