Chapter 16 Flashcards
Give examples of civil right victories among black Americans
Brown v Board of education- ending the separate but equal notion
Civil Rights Act
Voting Rights Act
How has the women civil rights movement progressed in ways similar to and different from black civil rights?
They both used the courts and legislative process to advance their cause
Examples of discrimination in American history and how they produce systematic racism
- the criminal justice system is an example of systemic racism against African Americans
Invidious  discrimination
 Discrimination against persons or groups that works to their harm, and is based on animosity 
Benign Discrimination
Discrimination that causes no harm because it is grounded in reason
Systematic racism
Laws, policies, processes, and structures and society that create racially disparate outcomes
Civil War amendments
The 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the US Constitution
Black codes
Legislation enacted by former slave states to restrict the freedom of Black people
Poll, tax

Attacks of a dollar or two dollars on every citizen who wished to vote, first institutions in Georgia in 1877, it affected and disenfranchised black citizens 
Separate but equal doctrine
The concept that providing separate but equivalent facilities for people of different races, satisfies the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment
Desegregation
The ending of authorized segregation, or separation by race
De jute segregation
Government impose desegregation
De facto segregation
Segregation that is not the result of direct government policy
Protectionism
The notion that women must be protected from life’s cruelties, until the 1970s the basis for laws affecting woman’s civil rights 
The 19th amendment
 The amendment to the constitution, adopted in 1920, that ensures woman of the right to vote
Equal rights amendment
A failed constitutional amendment introduced by the national women’s party in 1923 declaring that equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state on account of sex
Affirmative action
Any of a wide range of programs from special recruitment efforts, trainings, mentoring, and support that expand opportunities and employment, education, and other domains for groups, who previously had been excluded
Plessy versus Ferguson
 Racial segregation, constitutional, 1896
Brown versus board of education
Racial segregation, unconstitutional, 1954
Parents involved in community schools v Seattle school district N1
Public school racial diversity, 2007
United States v Virginia
Gender, equality, 1996
United States, V. Windsor.
Marriage equality under federal law, 2013
Obergefell v Hodges
Marriage equality in the states, 2015
Lau v Nichols
Language accommodations for students in school, 1974
