Chapter #12 Flashcards
What is the underlying philosophy that guided the framers
In determining the power of presidency and, indeed, and structuring the entire constitution?
Checks and balances philosophy
What are the major formal powers of the presidency as listed in article 2 of the constitution?
-Serve as administrative head of the nation
-Provide information on the State of the Union
-Act as commander in chief of the military
-Veto legislation
-Appoint various officials in grant pardons
-Make treaties
What are the presidents primary responsibility in terms of leader ship in foreign affairs?
-National security
-Peaceful international environment
-Protection of US economic interest

How should a president act in crisis?
-Drawing on a range of advisers and opinions
- Not acting in unnecessary haste
-Well designed, formal review process with thorough analysis and open debate
- Rigorously examining the reasoning underlying all options to ensure that their assumptions are valid
Bully pulpit
A term that refers to the presidency as an office well-suited to communicating directly with the public in order to advocate legislation
Inherent powers
Authority claimed by the president that is not clearly specified in the constitution. Typically, these powers are inferred from the constitution.
Pocket veto
Veto that takes effect when the president does not act on a bill in congress adjourns within 10 days
Pardon
The presidential power to release persons accused or convicted of a federal crime from all or part of their punishment
Executive order
A presidential directive that instructs executive branch officials and agencies to create or modify public policies, without the direct approval of Congress
Presidential Memorandum 
A presidential policy directive similar to an executive order, but not published in federal register
Signing statement
A statement issued by the president declaring his interpretation of legislation been signed into law
Proclamation
A presidential statement that is usually ceremonial But may declare a presidents intention to use his formal or delegated powers
Delegation of powers
The process by which congress gives the executive branch the additional authority needed to address new problems
White House office
The president’s chief of staff and closest advisors. The who coordinates the president schedule, press relations, and political strategy
Executive office of the president
The presidents executive aids and their staff’s, the extended White House executive establishment
Cabinet
A group of presidential advisors, the heads of executive departments and other key officials
Divided government
The situation in which one party controls the White House in the other controls at least one house of Congress
Gridlock
A situation in which government is incapable of acting on important issues
Legislative Liaison staff
Those people who act as the communications link between the White House and Congress, advising the president or cabinet secretaries on the status of pending legislation
War powers resolution
An act of Congress that forces that body to decide whether a commitment of troops into a war zone is permissible
Treaty
A legal agreement between two or more continents
Executive agreement
A pact between the heads of two countries that does not require Senate ratification
National security directive
Highly classified presidential order that guides national security policy
Executive privilege
The right of a present it to maintain confidential executive branch communications in some circumstances, declaring immunity from subpoenas and information request made by Congress in the courts
