Chapter 4

Question 1

Volume measurements are needed for which two categories of pay items?

Answer 1

Earthwork - such as burrow excavation and subsoil excavation
Concrete - the various classes of concrete used in bridges and other structures.

Question 2

What is the pay item unit of measurement for volume?

Answer 2

Cubic yard (CY)

Question 3

How many cubic feet does 1 cubic yard equal?

Answer 3

27 cubic feet

Question 4

What are the two different methods of measurement Earthwork can utilize?

Answer 4

The use of cross sections and the use of truck measurements.

Question 5

What is the common method of determining volumes from cross sections?

Answer 5

Average end area

Question 6

What is the formula for average end area?

Answer 6

Volume (ft cubed) = ( Area 1 (ft squared) + Area 2 (ft squared) / 2) x Length (ft)

Question 7

What is the formula used to measure volume?

Answer 7

Volume = Length x Width x Height

Question 8

What is the formula used to measure the volume of trapezoidal solids?

Answer 8

V= a+b/2 x HW

Question 9

What is the formula used to measure the volume of a cone solid?

Answer 9

V = pi R squared x H/3

Question 10

What is the formula used to measure the volume of a cylindrical solid?

Answer 10

V = pi R squared x H

Question 11

What is the prismoidal formula used to measure the volume of an odd irregular shape?

Answer 11

V = (A1 + A2 + 4Am)/ 6 x H

Question 12

What does A1, A2 and Am mean in the prismoidal formula?

Answer 12

A1 and A2 correspond to the end areas of the object. Am corresponds to the cross sectional area located in the middle of the object.