Chapter 4

Question 1

Solution

Answer 1

Homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances

Question 2

Solute

Answer 2

This is the substance present in the smaller amount

Question 3

Solvent

Answer 3

The substance present in larger amounts

Question 4

Electrolyte

Answer 4

A substance that, when dissolved in water, results in a solution that can conduct electricity

Question 5

Non electrolyte

Answer 5

Substance, that when dissolved in water, results in a solution that does not conduct electricity

Question 6

100% dissociation

Answer 6

This means it is a strong electrolyte

Product is split back into elemental form

Question 7

Not completely dissociated

Answer 7

Weak electrolyte

Product contains compounds still

Question 8

Ionization

Answer 8

An atom or molecule gains or loses a positive or negative charge

Question 9

Hydration

Answer 9

The process in which an ion is surrounded by water molecules arranged in a specific manner

Question 10

Precipitate

Answer 10

Insoluble solid that separated from solution

Question 11

Solubility

Answer 11

The maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given quantity of solvent at a specific temperature

Question 12

Four steps for writing Ionic Equations

Answer 12

1. Pair outers and inner ions, then write the balanced molecular equation
2. Label solids and aqueous solutions, then separate aqueous ions and rewrite equation
3. Cancel the repeat ions on both sides and the ionic equation
4. Check that charges and number of atoms are balanced on the net ionic equation

Question 13

Ionic compounds containing these ions are all soluble

Answer 13

1. Alkali metal cations
2. ammonium ion
3. Nitrate
4. Bicarbonate
5. Chlorate

(Anything else a table will be given to refer to)

Question 14

Properties of acids

Answer 14

1. I have a sour taste
2. Cause color changes in plant dyes
3. React with certain metals to produce hydrogen gas

Question 15

Properties of bases

Answer 15

1. Have a bitter taste
2. Feel slippery. Many soaps contain bases
3. Cars color changes in plant dyes
4. Acquiesce base solutions conduct electricity

Question 16

Proton doner

Answer 16

Bronsted acid

Question 17

Proton acceptor

Answer 17

Bronsted base (anion)

Question 18

Types of oxidation reduction reactions

Answer 18

1. Combination reaction
2. Decomposition reaction
3. Combustion reaction
4. Displacement reaction

Question 19

Concentration formula

Answer 19

Molarity = moles of solute/liters of solution

Question 20

Dilution

Answer 20

The procedure for preparing less concentrated solution from a more concentrated solution

Question 21

Titration

Answer 21

A solution of accurately known concentration is added gradually to another solution of unknown concentration until the chemical reaction between the two solutions is complete

Question 22

Always soluble

Answer 22

Li+, Na+, K+, CS+, Rb+, NH4, NO3-, C2H3O2-, ClO3-, ClO4

Question 23

Write full molecular equation for precipitation reaction

Answer 23

1. Combine first and last together and middle together
2. Balance equation
3. Next you can write ionic equation

Question 24

Considered strong electrolyte

Answer 24

Strong acids, strong bases and salts

Question 25

Diprotic acid

Answer 25

acid contain 2 hydrogen atoms capable if dissociating

Question 26

Dilution formula (used in solution problems)

Answer 26

(M1)(V1) = (M2)(V2) ``` M1 = initial molarity V1 = initial volume in liters M2 = final molarity V2 = final volume in liters ```