Chapter 4

Question 1

Development

Answer 1

traditionally defined as any kind of systematic change that is lifelong and cumulative. (moving in, moving through, or moving on)

Question 2

Nonevents

Answer 2

transitions that are expected but do not occur

Question 3

Unanticipated events

Answer 3

events that are not expected, such as the death of a parent at an early age or an unanticipated job loss, may also prove to be detrimental because of the trauma associated with them and a lack of preparation for them

Question 4

Young-Old

Answer 4

ages 65–75 ;

active physically, mentally, and socially

Question 5

Old ages

Answer 5

75–85;

active but less than the young-old

Question 6

Old-Old

Answer 6

ages 85 and older ;

decline in activity but varies greatly

Question 7

Ageism

Answer 7

Negative attitudes and stereotypes,

prevent intimate encounters with people in different age groups and sometimes lead to outright discrimination

Question 8

the age mystique

Answer 8

individuals who are growing older frequently deny and dread the process

Question 9

The investment syndrome

Answer 9

some counselors feel their time and energy are better spent working with younger people “who may eventually contribute to society

Question 10

Biopsychosocial

Answer 10

influenced by their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors—the biological and psychological part of themselves—as well as socioeconomic, socioenvironmental, cultural—the social part of themselves

Question 11

Minority stress

Answer 11

Cumulative effects of sexual stigmatizing and discrimination devalue sexual minorities and may lead to hostility (from either the dominant or marginalized group), restricted identity, exclusion … and less access to power and resources

Question 12

Social empowerment model (SEM)

Answer 12

The model that is effective with lesbians and gay men, rather than counseling, because it increases this group’s collective and personal self-advocacy.

Question 13

gender role conflict (GRC) model

Answer 13

this model is recommended when working with transgenders

Question 14

pluralistic

Answer 14

recognizing the existence of a religious or spiritual absolute reality but allowing for multiple interpretations and paths toward it

Question 15

constructivist

Answer 15

recognizing a client worldview that includes God or spiritual realities

Question 16

ADRESSING

Answer 16

Age and generational influences, Disability, Religion, Ethnicity (which may include race and culture), Social status, Sexual orientation, Indigenous heritage, National origin, and Gender”