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MS3 > Chapter 39: Dysrhythmias > Flashcards

Chapter 39: Dysrhythmias Flashcards

intro to ECG

1
Q

abnormal heart rhythms

A

dysrhythmias

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2
Q

T/F

Dysrhythmias can directly decrease cardiac output (CO) by changing stroke volume and heart rate.

A

true

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3
Q

Name the parts of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) that affect the heart.

A
  • vagus nerve fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)
  • nerve fibers of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
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4
Q

Stimulation of the __________ nerve slows firing of the sinoatrial (SA) node and slows impulse conduction of the AV node, this __________ heart rate.

A

vagus ; decreases

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5
Q

Stimulation of the __________ nerves increases sinoatrial (SA) node firing, AV node impulse conduction, and cardiac contractility. This __________ heart rate.

A

sympathetic ; increases

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6
Q

a graphic tracing of the electrical impulses in the heart

A

electrocardiogram (ECG)

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7
Q

What do the waveforms on the electrocardiogram (ECG) represent?

A

the electrical activity of depolarization and repolarization produced by the movement of ions across the membranes of heart cells

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8
Q

T/F

The membrane of a heart cell is semipermeable.

A

true

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9
Q

the inside of the cell is positively charged compared with the outside

A

depolarization

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10
Q

a slower movement of ions across the membrane restores the cell to the polarized state

A

repolarization

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11
Q

T/F

A 6-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) view of the heart is helpful in assessing dysrhythmias.

A

false; 12-lead

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12
Q

ability to initiate an impulse spontaneously and continuously

a. contractility
b. automaticity
c. excitability
d. conductivity

A

b. automaticity

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13
Q

ability to be electrically stimulated

a. contractility
b. automaticity
c. excitability
d. conductivity

A

c. excitability

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14
Q

ability to transmit an impulse along a membrane in an orderly manner

a. contractility
b. automaticity
c. excitability
d. conductivity

A

d. conductivity

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15
Q

ability to respond mechanically to an impulse

a. contractility
b. automaticity
c. excitability
d. conductivity

A

a. contractility

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16
Q

What are the most common leads in an electrocardiogram (ECG)?

A

leads II and V

17
Q

What is the most accurate way to calculate the heart rate from an electrocardiogram (ECG)?

A

count the number of QRS complexes in 1 minute

18
Q

a distortion of the baseline and waveforms seen on the electrocardiogram (ECG)

19
Q

Match the correct wavelength to the description.

represents time for the passage of the electrical impulse through the atrium causing atrial depolarization (contraction, should be upright

a. P wave

b. PR interval

c. QRS complex

d. QRS interval

20
Q

Match the correct wavelength to the description.

  • measured from beginning of P wave to beginning of QRS complex
  • represents time taken for impulse to spread through the atria, AV node and bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers to a point immediately before ventricular contraction

a. ST segment

b. PR interval

c. T wave

d. P wave

A

b. PR interval

21
Q

Match the correct wavelength to the description.

Q, R, and S wave

a. QRS interval

b. QT interval

c. ST segment

d. QRS complex

A

d. QRS complex

22
Q

Q, R, or S wave?

first negative (downward) deflection after the P wave, short and narrow, not present in several leads

23
Q

Q, R, or S wave?

first positive (upward) deflection in the QRS complex

24
Q

Q, R, or S wave?

first negative (downward) deflection after the R wave

25
Match the correct wavelength to the description. - measured from beginning to end of QRS complex - represents time taken for depolarization (contraction) of both ventricles (systole) a. QRS interval b. ST segment c. P wave d. QRS complex
a. QRS interval
26
Match the correct wavelength to the description. - measured from the S wave of the QRS complex to the beginning of the T wave - represents the time between ventricular depolarization and repolarization (diastole) - should be flat a. QT interval b. Q wave c. ST segment d. R wave
c. ST segment
27
Match the correct wavelength to the description. - represents time for ventricular repolarization - should be upright a. Q wave b. R wave c. S wave d. T wave
d. T wave
28
Match the correct wavelength to the description. - measured from beginning of QRS complex to end of T wave - represents time taken for entire electrical depolarization and repolarization of the ventricles a. QRS complex b. QT interval c. QRS interval d. ST segment
b. QT interval
29
T/F Adult men have slightly longer QT intervals than women.
false; women have longer QT intervals
30
the observation of a patient's heart rate and rhythm at a side distant from the patient
telemetry monitoring
31
T/F Dysrhythmias result from disorders of impulse formation, impulse conduction, or both.
true
32
natural pacemaker of the heart
sinoatrial (SA) node
33
the recovery period after stimulation a. refractory phase b. absolute refractory phase c. relative refractory period d. full excitability
a. refractory phase
34
occurs when excitability is zero, and the heart cannot be stimulated a. refractory phase b. absolute refractory phase c. relative refractory period d. full excitability
b. absolute refractory phase
35
occurs slightly later in the cycle, and excitability is more likely a. refractory phase b. absolute refractory phase c. relative refractory period d. full excitability
c. relative refractory period
36
heart is completely recovered a. refractory phase b. absolute refractory phase c. relative refractory period d. full excitability
d. full excitability
37
What would the nurse measure to determine whether there is a delay in electrical impulse conduction through the patient‘s ventricles? a. P wave b. Q wave c. PR interval d. QRS complex
d. QRS complex
38
The nurse needs to measure the heart rate for a patient with an irregular heart rhythm. Which method will be accurate? a. Count the number of large squares in the R-R interval and divide by 300. b. Print a 1-minute electrocardiogram (ECG) strip and count the number of QRS complexes. c. Use the 3-second markers to count the number of QRS complexes in 6 seconds and multiply by 10. d. Calculate the number of small squares between one QRS complex and the next and divide into 1500.
b. Print a 1-minute electrocardiogram (ECG) strip and count the number of QRS complexes.
39
Which action by a registered nurse (RN) who is orienting to the telemetry unit indicates a good understanding of the treatment of heart dysrhythmias? a. Prepares defibrillator settings at 360 joules for a patient whose monitor shows asystole. b. Injects IV adenosine over 2 seconds for a patient with supraventricular tachycardia. c. Turns the synchronizer switch to the “on” position before defibrillating a patient with ventricular fibrillation. d. Gives the prescribed dose of diltiazem (Cardizem) to a patient with new-onset type II second-degree AV block.
b. Injects IV adenosine over 2 seconds for a patient with supraventricular tachycardia.

MS3 (33 decks)

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