Chapter 38- HIV

Question 1

Describe HIV reterovirus

Answer 1

enveloped positive sense ss RNA

Question 2

HIV has a unique structure and replication

Answer 2

RNA dependent DNA polymerase (reverse transcription)

Question 3

HIV 1 vs HIV 2

Answer 3

Same mode of transmission and associated with similar opportunistic infections and AIDS. HIV 2 tends to develop more slowly, be milder, and be less infectious early.

Question 4

How HIV attaches

Answer 4

The gp120 of HIV attaches to the CD4 on the cell membrane.

Question 5

Diagnosis of HIV

Answer 5

Anti-HIV antibodies. enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or rapid test.

Question 6

Confirmatory test for HIV

Answer 6

After positive ELISA test, do western blot with a venipuncture for whole blood or an oral fluid specimen.

Question 7

HAART viral load goal

Answer 7

less that 20-75 copies/mL

Question 8

7 steps of HIV

Answer 8

1) Fusion of HIV to host cell surface
2) HIV RNA, reverse transcriptase, integrase, and other viral proteins enter the host cell
3) Viral DNA is formed by reverse transcription
4) Viral DNA is transported across the nucleus and integrates into the host DNA.
5) New viral RNA is used as genomic RNA and to make viral proteins.
6) New viral RNA and proteins move to the cell surface and a new, immature HIV forms.
7) The virus matures by protease releasing individual HIV proteins.