Chapter 38 Flashcards
Chapter 38
Mutualistic symbioses
plants and other species
Angiosperms
sexual and asexual reproduction
Angiosperm life cycle
3 F’s: flowers, double fertilization, and fruits
Flowers
reproductive sporophyte
Modified Leaves
sepals, petals, stamens, & carpels
Stamen
filament stalk topped by an anther; pollen
Carpel
style (stalk) with stigma; pollen lands
Complete flowers
all four floral organs
Incomplete flowers
lack organ(s)
Inflorescences
flower cluster
Pollen develops from
microspores within the microsporangia, or pollen sacs, of anthers
Pollination
pollen grain -> pollen tube that grows down into ovary and discharges two sperm cells near the embryo sac
Double fertilization
2 sperm into the embryo sac
Coevolution
evolution of interacting species in response to changes in each other
Hypocotyl
embryonic axis and terminates in the radicle (embryonic root)
Epicotyl
above the cotyledons
Germination
depends on imbibition, the uptake of water due to low water potential of the dry seed
Fruit
mature ovary
-protects the enclosed seeds and aids in seed dispersal by wind or animals
Development Classification
-Simple, a single or several fused carpels
-Aggregate, a single flower with multiple separate carpels
-Multiple, a group of flowers called an inflorescence
Asexual reproduction
genetically identical organisms; clone
Fragmentation
separation of a parent plant into parts that develop into whole plants
Apomixis
seeds from a diploid cell
vegetative reproduction
asexual reproduction
What kind of species have staminate and carpellate flowers on separate plants
Dioecious species
