Chapter 28

Question 1

Most Eukaryotes are

Answer 1

single-celled organisms

Question 2

Endosymbiosis

Answer 2

A unicellular organism engulfs another cell and becomes an organelle in host cell

Question 3

Types of protists

Answer 3

-Dinoflagellates: Two flagella
-Apicomplexans: Parasites of animals
-Brown algae: Kelp or sea-weed
-Oomycetes: Include water molds, white rusts, and downy mildews

Question 4

Diatoms

Answer 4

unicellular algae with a unique two-part, glass-like wall of hydrated silica

Question 5

Excavata

Answer 5

This supergroup includes three clades: Parabasalids, diplomonads, and euglenozoans

Question 6

SAR

Answer 6

This supergroup includes three large clades: Stramenopila, Alveolata, and Rhizaria

Question 7

Archaeplastida

Answer 7

This supergroup includes red and green algae and plants

Question 8

Unikonta

Answer 8

This group includes amoebas with lobe-or tube-shaped pseudopodia, animals, fungi, and non-amoeba protists closely related to animals or fungi

Question 9

Euglenozoa

Answer 9

a diverse clade including predatory heterotrophs, photosyntheic autotrophs, mixotrophs, and parasites

Question 10

Kinetoplastids

Answer 10

have a single mitochondrion containing an organized mass of DNA called a kinetoplast

Question 11

Euglenids

Answer 11

have one or two flagella that emerge from a pocket at one end of the cell

Question 12

SAR

Answer 12

a monophyletic supergroup named for the first letters of its three major clades: Stramenopiles, Alveolates, and rhizarians

Question 13

Stramenopiles

Answer 13

include some of the most important photosynthetic organisms on earth

Question 14

Brown algae

Answer 14

are the largest and most complex multicellular algae

Question 15

Dinoflagellates

Answer 15

are abundant components of marine and freshwater phytoplankton

Question 16

apicomplexans

Answer 16

are parasites of animals

Question 17

sporozoites

Answer 17

They spread through the host as infectious cells

Question 18

Ciliates

Answer 18

named for their use of cilia to move around and feed on bacteria or other protists

Question 19

Conjugation

Answer 19

produces genetic variation without reproduction through the exchange of micronuclei

Question 20

Many species of rhizarians are

Answer 20

amoebas

Question 21

Amoebas

Answer 21

are protists that move and feed using pseudopodia, extensions of the cell surface

Question 22

Radiolarians

Answer 22

have delicate, symmetrical internal skeletons typically made of silica

Question 23

Foraminiferans, or forams

Answer 23

are named for their porous calcium carbonate shells, called tests

Question 24

Cercozoans

Answer 24

are amoeboid and flagellated protists that feed using threadlike pseudopodia

Question 25

Archaeplastida

Answer 25

is the supergroup that includes red algae, green algae, and plants

Question 26

Green algae

Answer 26

are named for their green chloroplasts, which are structurally and chemically similar to those found in plants

Question 27

Larger size and greater complexity evolved in green algae by three mechanisms:

Answer 27

-Formation of colonies from individuals cells (Pediastrum) -Formation of true multicellular bodies by cell division and differentiation (Volvox and Ulva) -Repeated division of nuclei with no cytoplasmic division (Caulerpa)

Question 28

The supergroup Unikonta includes

Answer 28

animals, fungi, and some protists

Question 29

Tubulinids

Answer 29

are a diverse group of amoebozoans with lobe- or tube- shaped pseudopodia

Question 30

Slime molds, or mycetozoans

Answer 30

were once thought to be fungi due to their spore-producing fruiting bodies