Chapter 35

Question 1

The three basic plant organs

Answer 1

Roots, stems, and leaves

Question 2

two major groups of angiosperms

Answer 2

Monocots and eudicots

Question 3

Function of roots

Answer 3

Anchoring the plant, absorbing minerals and water, and storing carbohydrates

Question 4

dicots have what kind of root?

Answer 4

Taproot: Main vertical root

Question 5

Monocots have what kind of root?

Answer 5

Fibrous root system

Question 6

Internodes

Answer 6

the stem segments between nodes

Question 7

Axillary bud

Answer 7

structure that has the potential to form a lateral shoot, or branch

Question 8

Apical bud (Terminal bud)

Answer 8

located near the shoot tip and causes elongation of a young shoot

Question 9

Dicots have what kind of vein pattern?

Answer 9

Branching

Question 10

Monocots have what kind of veins?

Answer 10

Parallel

Question 11

Tissue system

Answer 11

dermal, vascular, and ground

Question 12

In nonwoody plants, the dermal tissue system consists of the

Answer 12

epidermis

Question 13

In woody plants, protective tissues called periderm replace the

Answer 13

epidermis

Question 14

Vascular tissue system

Answer 14

carries out long-distance transport of materials between roots and shoots

Question 15

Xylem

Answer 15

water and dissolved minerals upward from roots into the shoots

Question 16

Phloem

Answer 16

organic nutrients from where they are made to where they are needed

Question 17

Stele

Answer 17

vascular tissue of a stem or root

Question 18

Ground tissue system

Answer 18

Cells specialized for storage, photosynthesis, and support

Question 19

Pith

Answer 19

internal to the vascular tissue

Question 20

Cortex

Answer 20

external to the vascular tissue

Question 21

Parenchyma Cells

Answer 21

-Have thin and flexible primary walls
-Lack secondary walls
-Least specialized
-Perform the most metabolic functions
-Retain the ability to divide and differentiate

Question 22

Collenchyma Cells

Answer 22

Grouped in strands and help support young parts of the plant shoots

Question 23

Sclerenchyma Cells

Answer 23

Rigid b/c of thick secondary walls strengthened with lignin; dead at maturity

Question 24

Sclereids

Answer 24

Short and irregular in shape and have thick lignified secondary walls

Question 25

Fibers

Answer 25

Long and slender and arranged in threads

Question 26

Sieve-tube elements

Answer 26

-Alive at functional maturity -No organelles

Question 27

Sieve plates

Answer 27

Porous end walls that allow fluid to flow between cells along the sieve tube

Question 28

Indeterminate growth

Answer 28

Plant grows throughout its life

Question 29

Determinate growth

Answer 29

Some plant organs cease to grow at a certain size

Question 30

Meristems

Answer 30

Perpetually embryonic tissue and allow for indeterminate growth

Question 31

Apical meristems

Answer 31

Tips of roots and shoots and at the axillary buds of shoots

Question 32

Secondary growth

Answer 32

lateral meristems add thickness to woody plants

Question 33

Vascular cambium

Answer 33

adds layers of vascular tissue called secondary xylem and secondary phloem

Question 34

Cork Cambium

Answer 34

Replaces the epidermis with periderm, which is thicker and tougher

Question 35

Growth occurs just behind the root tip, in three zones of cells

Answer 35

-Zone of cell division -Zone of elongation -Zone of differentiation, or maturation

Question 36

In most eudicots, the xylem has a

Answer 36

starlike appearance in cross section with phloem between the arms

Question 37

In many monocots, a core of parenchyma cells is

Answer 37

surrounded by alternating rings of xylem and phloem

Question 38

Stomata

Answer 38

pore that allows CO2 and O2 exchange between the air and the photosynthetic cells in a leaf

Question 39

Mesophyll

Answer 39

ground tissue in a leaf

Question 40

Cork cambium

Answer 40

-Phelloderm: thin layer of parenchyma cella that forms to the interior of the cork cambium -Cork cells: cork cambium exterior; deposit waxy suberin in their walls, then die

Question 41

Periderm

Answer 41

cork cambium, phelloderm, and cork cells