Chapter 36

Question 1

What causes the movement of water, minerals, and sugars in most vascular plants?

Answer 1

Water and minerals are pulled up from the roots by negative pressure generated by evaporation from leaves

Question 2

Xylem

Answer 2

transports water and minerals from roots to shoots

Question 3

Phloem

Answer 3

transports photosynthetic products from where they are made to where they are needed

Question 4

Phyllotaxy

Answer 4

stem leaf arrangement; species specific

Question 5

Mycorrhizae

Answer 5

Mutualistic symbiosis of roots and the hyphae of soil fungi

Question 6

Apoplast

Answer 6

Everything external to the plasma membrane

Question 7

Symplast

Answer 7

Cytosol and plasmodesmata

Question 8

Osmosis

Answer 8

determines the net uptake or water loss by a cell and is affected by solute concentration and pressure

Question 9

Water potential

Answer 9

measurement the combines the effects of solute concentration and pressure

Question 10

Solute potential or osmotic potential

Answer 10

of a solution is directly proportional to its molarity

Question 11

Pressure potential

Answer 11

physical pressure on a solution

Question 12

Turgor pressure

Answer 12

pressure exerted by the plasma membrane against the cell wall, and the cell wall against the protoplast

Question 13

Protoplast

Answer 13

is the living part of the cell, which also includes the plasma membrane

Question 14

Aquaporins

Answer 14

Transport proteins in cell membranes in cell membrane for water passage

Question 15

Bulk flow

Answer 15

fluid movement by pressure

Question 16

Endodermis

Answer 16

Regulates and transport needed minerals from the soil into the xylem

Question 17

Xylem sap

Answer 17

water and dissolved minerals are transported from roots to leaves by bulk flow

Question 18

Transpiration

Answer 18

evaporation of water from a plans surface

Question 19

Root pressure

Answer 19

water flows in from the root cortex

Question 20

guttation

Answer 20

exudation of water droplets on tips or edges of leaves

Question 21

Cohesion-tension hypothesis

Answer 21

transpiration and water cohesion pull water from shoots to roots

Question 22

Adhesion

Answer 22

water is attracted to cellulose in xylem

Question 23

Cohesion

Answer 23

water is attracted to self

Question 24

Guard cells

Answer 24

balance water conservation with gas exchange

Question 25

Turgid

Answer 25

Guard cells bow outward and pore opens

Question 26

Flaccid

Answer 26

Guard cells become less bowed and pore closes

Question 27

Translocation

Answer 27

Products of photosynthesis are transported through phloem

Question 28

Phloem sap

Answer 28

aqueous solution high in sucrose

Question 29

Sugar source

Answer 29

organ that is a net producer of sugar, such as mature leaves

Question 30

Sugar sink

Answer 30

organ that is a net consumer or storer of sugar, such as a tuber or bulb

Question 31

Pressure Flow

Answer 31

phloem sap moves through a sieve tube by bulk flow driven by positive pressure