Chapter 38

Question 1

Nutrients

Answer 1

Substance that is metabolized by an organism

Question 2

What are the main things plant need the most? ( Macronutrients etc)

Answer 2

Oxygen and carbon

Question 3

What elements are considered to be micronutrients?

Answer 3

Iron, chlorine

Question 4

What if there is too much/ little light for the plant?

Answer 4

Shady areas have a thicker chlorophyll, thin leaves

Sunny areas have a lot of evaporation; have carotenoid pigments (♥️ and 🧡)

Question 5

T or F: water is not essential as oxygen for plants

Answer 5

F: water is essential

Question 6

What are the functions of water?

Answer 6

1) hydrates the plant
2) source of hydrogen & oxygen 4 photosynthesis
3) transports solutes
4) maintains pressure on cell wall (Vacuole)

Question 7

What are the 2 types of compounds produced in topsoil?

Answer 7

1) organic minerals
2) inorganic minerals

Question 8

What are the layers of soil horizons?

Answer 8

1) topsoil
2) subsoil
3) soil base
4) bedrock

Question 9

Plant roots

Answer 9

Help enrich the topsoil and transport deep minerals to the surface

Question 10

Humus is also known as

Answer 10

Soil organic matter

Question 11

What does adding leaves to soil do?

Answer 11

Enhance plant growth, less likely to erode

Question 12

Difference btwn weathering and leaching?

Answer 12

Weathering-> has content of soil and has physical and chemical breakdown of rock

Leaching-> takes away inorganic ions as water filter through materials

Question 13

Put the inorganic soil materials from largest to smallest: Silt, Clay and sand

Answer 13

1)Sand
2) silt
3) clay

Question 14

Which soils have a higher water holding capacity and lowest?

Answer 14

Clay and silt have higher; sand has lowest

Question 15

Cation exchange

Answer 15

Hydrogen ions are replaced with mineral cations in clay particles

Question 16

What was the point of the experiment with the leaves?

Answer 16

To test to modified the phosphorous levels are; they turned them low in which makes the plant blue

Question 17

What are fixed nitrogen, nitrogen fixation, industrial nitrogen fixation and biological?

Answer 17

1) fixed nitrogen-> has ammonia (used to build amino acids)

2) nitrogen fixation-> when nitrogen + hydrogen= ammonia

3) industrial -> has human activity in inorganic fertilizers

4) biological fixation-> have prokaryotic organisms and is in nature

Question 18

Heterotrophs vs autotrophs

Answer 18

Heterotrophs-> organisms that can’t make their own food

Autotrophs-> organisms that can make their own food

Question 19

Parasites

Answer 19

Organisms that use other organisms to get minerals

Question 20

Deficiency syndrome and provide an example.

Answer 20

When a plant lacks essential nutrients

Ex: chlorosis

Question 21

Nitrogenease

Answer 21

An enzyme that speeds up the reaction of nitrogen fixation

Question 22

Why are some plants carnivorous?

Answer 22

Prey has primary source of nitrogen

Question 23

Mycorrhizae

Answer 23

Fungus that lives in the root of seed plants

Question 24

Why is plant bacteria symbiosis important?

Answer 24

Like a trade; plants give food to bacteria and bacteria provides plants with nutrients

Question 25

Explain the mycorrhizal association with plants

Answer 25

Have symbiotic relationships btwn the plant give the fungi organic material

Question 26

Mycoheterotrophy

Answer 26

A link btwn photosynthetic and fungus that go to non photosynthetic plants to get their food

Question 27

Explain legume-rhizobia symbiosis

Answer 27

Rhizobia are bacteria that enhance nitrogen fixation for the root of the legumes (organic matter)