Chapter 38 Flashcards
Nutrients
Substance that is metabolized by an organism
What are the main things plant need the most? ( Macronutrients etc)
Oxygen and carbon
What elements are considered to be micronutrients?
Iron, chlorine
What if there is too much/ little light for the plant?
Shady areas have a thicker chlorophyll, thin leaves
Sunny areas have a lot of evaporation; have carotenoid pigments (♥️ and 🧡)
T or F: water is not essential as oxygen for plants
F: water is essential
What are the functions of water?
1) hydrates the plant
2) source of hydrogen & oxygen 4 photosynthesis
3) transports solutes
4) maintains pressure on cell wall (Vacuole)
What are the 2 types of compounds produced in topsoil?
1) organic minerals
2) inorganic minerals
What are the layers of soil horizons?
1) topsoil
2) subsoil
3) soil base
4) bedrock
Plant roots
Help enrich the topsoil and transport deep minerals to the surface
Humus is also known as
Soil organic matter
What does adding leaves to soil do?
Enhance plant growth, less likely to erode
Difference btwn weathering and leaching?
Weathering-> has content of soil and has physical and chemical breakdown of rock
Leaching-> takes away inorganic ions as water filter through materials
Put the inorganic soil materials from largest to smallest: Silt, Clay and sand
1)Sand
2) silt
3) clay
Which soils have a higher water holding capacity and lowest?
Clay and silt have higher; sand has lowest
Cation exchange
Hydrogen ions are replaced with mineral cations in clay particles
What was the point of the experiment with the leaves?
To test to modified the phosphorous levels are; they turned them low in which makes the plant blue
What are fixed nitrogen, nitrogen fixation, industrial nitrogen fixation and biological?
1) fixed nitrogen-> has ammonia (used to build amino acids)
2) nitrogen fixation-> when nitrogen + hydrogen= ammonia
3) industrial -> has human activity in inorganic fertilizers
4) biological fixation-> have prokaryotic organisms and is in nature
Heterotrophs vs autotrophs
Heterotrophs-> organisms that can’t make their own food
Autotrophs-> organisms that can make their own food
Parasites
Organisms that use other organisms to get minerals
Deficiency syndrome and provide an example.
When a plant lacks essential nutrients
Ex: chlorosis
Nitrogenease
An enzyme that speeds up the reaction of nitrogen fixation
Why are some plants carnivorous?
Prey has primary source of nitrogen
Mycorrhizae
Fungus that lives in the root of seed plants
Why is plant bacteria symbiosis important?
Like a trade; plants give food to bacteria and bacteria provides plants with nutrients
Explain the mycorrhizal association with plants
Have symbiotic relationships btwn the plant give the fungi organic material
Mycoheterotrophy
A link btwn photosynthetic and fungus that go to non photosynthetic plants to get their food
Explain legume-rhizobia symbiosis
Rhizobia are bacteria that enhance nitrogen fixation for the root of the legumes (organic matter)
