Chapter 31

Question 1

What are the 3 major plant organs?

Answer 1

1) stems
2) roots
3) leaves

Question 2

What do those 3 organs do?

Answer 2

Leaves- are the plant structures that put out photosynthesis

Roots- specialized in the uptake of minerals and water from the soil

Stems- specialized in production of leaves; contain pluem and xylem

Question 3

What is the kingdom of plants called?

Answer 3

Plantae

Question 4

Streptophyte

Answer 4

Plantae and their closest green algal relatives (land plants evolve from)

Question 5

Bodies of land plants have what type of tissues?

Answer 5

3-D

Question 6

What are the 5 evolutionary relationships of plants? And what do they contain?

Answer 6

1) green algae- chlorophyte green algae, simple & complex streptophyte algae

2) bryophytes(non vascular plants)- hornworms, liverworts and mosses

3) seedless vascular plants(vascular plants)- lycophytes & ptetidophytes

4) gymnosperms- cycads, ginkgo & conifers

5) angiosperms- flowers, fruits, endosperm in seeds

Question 7

What groups are included in the kingdom of plantae?

Answer 7

Mosses & lycophytes

Question 8

In plants cell division is concentrated in regions called:

Answer 8

Apical meristems

Question 9

What are the oldest vascular plants?

Answer 9

Lycophytes

Question 10

What is the job of the stomata?

Answer 10

Pores that open & close ( allows oxygen, water and carbon dioxide to pass through)

Question 11

What is the difference btwn a gymnosperm and a angiosperm?

Answer 11

Gymnosperm- have naked seeds (not enclosed by fruit ex: pinecone) and protect and provide energy for the young sporophyte

Angiosperm- are flowering plants (anthophyta) and have endosperm

Question 12

What is the alternation of generation?

Answer 12

Multicellular sporophyte generations that allow plant to grow

Question 13

What is the haploid dominant life cycle?

Answer 13

Undergoes meiosis producing fewer spores; early sporophyte

Question 14

What are the advantages for modern plants to do alternation of generation?

Answer 14

• plants get bigger and adapt to their environment

Question 15

How does the sporophyte and gametophyte percentage change in alternation of generation?

Answer 15

Sporophyte-> produce spores that turn into gametophyte

Question 16

Gametangia

Answer 16

Protects developing gametes from drying out

Question 17

Archegonia

Answer 17

Flask-shape gametangia; hold eggs

Question 18

Antheridia

Answer 18

Spherical gametangia; hold sperm

Question 19

Matrophy

Answer 19

Zygotes that remained sheltered and fed gametophyte maternal tissue

Question 20

What is the placental transfer experiment?

Answer 20

An experiment when scientists would take individual plants in order to control the air flow around it; wanted to test it by separating the sporophyte and the gametophyte= maternal tissue transferring radioactive air to embryo

Question 21

Sporopollenin

Answer 21

Tough material in plant spore cell walls (prevent cell damage)

Question 22

Sporangia

Answer 22

Protect from harsh uv light

Question 23

Why is the plant embryo important?

Answer 23

To act as a “starting kit” for the future plants

Question 24

What is an ovule

Answer 24

Contains one spore that matures into a seed

Question 25

Difference btwn fertilization vs double fertilization

Answer 25

Fertilization-> egg w/ sperm(can’t occur after pollination)

Double fertilization-> has both a zygote and an endosperm

Question 26

Pollination

Answer 26

Pollen comes in contact with ovules (female egg)

Question 27

Pollen

Answer 27

Tiny male gametophytes