Chapter 22 Flashcards
What is evolution?
group of related organisms that are able to share a form; members of the same species that are able to interbreed
Interbreed
being able to produce viable and fertile offspring
What is the difference btwn a population and a species?
- population includes members of the same species that encounter each other
- species includes a group of organisms that can reproduce and produce offspring
Natural selection vs artificial selection (selective breeding)
Natural selection-> nature chooses parents
Artificial selection-> procedures that modify the traits of the domesticated species
What is homology and what are the three types of it?
Homology-> study of something similar towards the descent of an ancestor
1) anatomical
2) developmental
3) molecular
What do the three types of homologies do?
Anatomical-> studies the same set of bones for evolutionary change
Developmental-> species that differ as adults, have similarities during the embryonic stages
Molecular-> similarities in cells at the molecular level; having biochemical pathways are found
What is the molecular process that underlies evolution?
Homologous genes
What are orthologs, pathologs and homologous genes?
Orthologs-> two genes that occur in separate species
Homologous-> two genes that are derived of the same ancestral gene
Pathologs-> two or more genes that are from the same gene
Why is there no more large animals descended in Australia?
- because it’s isolated continent, the evolution of smaller living creatures later came along, only having bats and birds
Endemic
Naturally found animals in a particular location
Convergent evolution
Two species that are from different lineages; have similarities in characteristics
Charles Darwin
Had ideas that were noticed of distinctive traits of island species like finches
How did naturalists study evolutionary change?
Fossil record, biogeography, convergent evolution, selective breeding, & homologies
