chapter 38 Flashcards
What are the ways that wounds can occur?
trauma
burns
surgery
pressure
Tissue injury without breaking skin
Contusion (bruise)-
Tissue injury that damages a blood vessel, pooling of blood under unbroken skin
Hematoma
Wrenching or twisting of a joint with partial rupture of its ligaments.
Causes swelling
Sprain
type of closed wound
contusion
hematoma
sprain
Surgically made separation of tissue with clean, smooth edges
Incision
Traumatic separation of tissues with irregular, torn edges
Laceration
Traumatic scraping away of surface layers of skin
Abrasion
Wound made by sharp, pointed object through skin or mucous membranes and underlying tissue
Puncture
Variable-size open wound through skin and underlying tissues made by bullet or metal or wood fragment
Penetrating
Tearing away of structure or a part, such as a fingertip, accidentally or surgically
Avulsion
Excavation of skin and/or underlying tissue from injury or necrosis
Ulceration
Death or injury to cells
Necrosis
open wound
Incision
Laceration
Abrasion
Puncture
Penetrating
Avulsion
Ulceration
Necrosis
Superficial
wounds heal more quickly
new skin cells are produced by the epithelial cells that remain in dermal layer of skin
partial thickness wound
dermal layer no longer present
granulation tissue fills in defect
wound heals by contraction
full thickness
internal organ or body cavity tissue opened, usually because of infection or penetrating wound
perforation
tissue significantly disrupted or compressed because of high level of force being applied
crush
the phases of wound healing are
inflammation
proliferation
maturation
is a localized protective response brought on by injury or destruction of tissues
inflammation
Phase begins IMMEDIATELY AFTER INJURY
last approximately 3 or 4 days
inflammation
it includes constriction of blood vessel
platelet aggregation
and formation of fibrin
inflammation
hemostasis occurs in what phase
inflammation
blood clotting or vessel compression and clot formation
hemostasis
s/s of inflammatory process
swelling or edema
erythema-redness
= increased blood supply
increased temp
pain
loss of function resulting from all these changing
-Begins on the third or fourth day after injury and last 2 to 3 weeks
proliferation
Wound is filled with new connective tissue, and epithelium that covers the wound
proliferation
-Macrophages (phagocytic monocytes) clean wound of debris, stimulating fibroblasts, which synthesize collagen
proliferation
fibrous structure protein of all connective tissue
is the main ingredient of scar tissue
collagen
New capillary networks provide oxygen & nutrients to support collagen, further synthesis of granulation tissue
proliferation
Scarring influenced by degree of stress on wound
proliferation
-Begins 3 weeks after injury
Maturation
Scar maturation or remodeling, is process of collagen lysis and synthesis by macrophages to produce strongest possible scar tissue
maturation
-Scar tissue slowly thins and becomes paler in color. Scar becomes firm and inelastic by the end.
maturation
the length of this phase depends on the type if injury and whether the wound heals by first, second or third intention
wound healing
when a wound occurs around the joint, the attention is to
maintain joint mobility and prevent a contracture
abnormal shortening of muscle tissue
contracture
if collagen overgrowth occurs which happens frequently in dark-pigmented people what develops
keloid
permanent raised enlarged scar
keloid
Please describe why we feel pain at the wound site
Pressure on nerve receptors
