Chapter 36: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Question 1

Renal function tests include:

a. urinalysis
b. BUN and serum creatinine
c. SGOT/SGPT
d. both and and b are correct

Answer 1

d. both a and b are correct

Question 2

Which substance is an abnormal constituent of urine?

a. urea
b. glucose
c. sodium chloride
d. creatinine

Answer 2

b. glucose

Question 3

The presence of albumin in the urine would indicate probable damage to:

a. glomeruli
b. renal columns
c. collecting tubules
d. pyramids

Answer 3

a. glomeruli

Question 4

Upper urinary tract obstruction:

a. can cause hydroureter
b. increase the force of detrusor contraction
c. predisposes an individual to hypotension
d. increases postvoid residual volume

Answer 4

a. can cause hydroureter

Question 5

Renal calculi may be composed of:

a. calcium oxalate
b. uric acid
c. cholesterol
d. all of the above are correct
e. both a and b are correct

Answer 5

e. both a and b are correct

Question 6

Which is characteristic of ureteral stones located in the renal pelvis?

a. pain radiating to the lower abdomen
b. urgency
c. incontinence
d. pain radiating to the groin

Answer 6

d. pain radiating to the groin

Question 7

A common cause of both pyelonephritis and cystitis is:

a. urinary calculi
b. invading microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli
c. allergy reactions
d. heavy metals

Answer 7

b. invading microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli

Question 8

Uremia exhibits:

a. polycythemia
b. electrolyte disorders
c. low plasma calcium levels
d. increased erythropoiesis

Answer 8

b. electrolyte disorders

Question 9

Which renal condition usually involves a history of recent infection with group A beta-hemolytic streptococci?

a. pyelonephritis
b. chronic renal failure
c. nephrosis
d. glomerulonephritis
e. calculi

Answer 9

d. glomerulonephritis

Question 10

The most common pathogenesis of cystitis, an infection, is acquired through/from:

a. an ascending or exogenous route
b. a hematogenous route
c. a bladder stone obstruction
d. pyelitis

Answer 10

a. an ascending or exogenous route

Question 11

Nephrotic syndrome is associated with __________ to
plasma __________.
a. increased glomerular permeability, urea
b. decreased glomerular permeability, proteins
c. decreased glomerular permeability, tumular filtrate
d. increased glomerular permeability, proteins

Answer 11

d. increased glomerular permeability, proteins

Question 12

Causes of acute renal failure include:

a. cholecystitis
b. stones and strictures in kidneys or ureters
c. heart failure leading to poor renal perfusion
d. both b and c are correct

Answer 12

d. both b and c are correct

Question 13

Hypertension of nephrotic syndrome occurs because:

a. inflammation of glomeruli stimulates the secretion of renin, which elevates blood pressure.
b. systemic hypoperfusion stimulates the secretion of renin, which elevates blood pressure
c. excessive angiotensin is secreted from the adrenal cortex during kidney disease
d. localized hypoperfusion of glomeruli stimulates renin secretion, which elevates blood pressure

Answer 13

d. localized hypoperfusion of glomeruli stimulates renin secretion, which elevates blood pressure

Question 14

Chronic kidney disease:

a. may result from hypertension
b. is usually the result of chronic inflammation of the kidney
c. may be treated with dialysis or transplants
d. all of the above are correct

Answer 14

d. all of the above are correct

Question 15

Nephrotoxins such as the antibiotics may be responsible for:

a. acute tubular necrosis
b. acute glomerulonephritis
c. pyelonephritis
d. cystitis

Answer 15

a. acute tubular necrosis

Question 16

Uremia, as seen in chronic renal failure, would manifest:

a. metabolic acidosis
b. elevated BUN and creatinine
c. cardiovascular disturbances
d. all of the above are correct

Answer 16

d. all of the above are correct

Question 17

Hematuria in the abscence of proteinuria indicates injury to the:

a. glomerulus
b. renal tubule
c. ureter
d. renal medulla

Answer 17

c. ureter

Question 18

In chronic renal failure, tubulointerstitial disease leads to:

a. sodium retention
b. sodium wasting
c. no significant changes in sodium levels
d. increased phosphate excretion

Answer 18

b. sodium wasting

Question 19

Frequent small voidings suggest:

a. CHF
b. prostatic hyperplasia
c. nephrotic syndrome
d. hepatic cirrhosis

Answer 19

b. prostatic hyperplasia

Question 20

Bacterial infection of kidney parenchyma is:

a. pyelitis
b. cystitis
c. pyelonephritis
d. pyuria
e. pyelonephrosis

Answer 20

c. pyelonephritis

Question 21

Which sign describes a patient in acute renal failure?

a. elevated serum creatinine
b. leukocytosis
c. low BUN
d. Fever

Answer 21

a. elevated serum creatinine

Question 22

Lesions affecting spinal cord segments C2-S1 cause:

a. loss of detrusor contraction reflex
b. denervation of sphincter mechanisms
c. inharmonious coordination between detrusor and urethral muscles
d. detrusor overactivity and urinary incompetence

Answer 22

c. inharmonious coordination between detrusor and urethral muscles

Question 23

(Match the etiology with the condition)
Epithelial proliferation in capsular space:
a. prerenal failure
b. postrenal failure
c. chronic glomerulonephritis
d. rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
e. pruritus

Answer 23

d. rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

Question 24

(Match the etiology with the condition)
Hypovolemia:
a. prerenal failure
b. postrenal failure
c. chronic glomerulonephritis
d. rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
e. pruritus

Answer 24

a. prerenal failure

Question 25

(Match the etiology with the condition)
Uremia:
a. prerenal failure
b. postrenal failure
c. chronic glomerulonephritis
d. rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
e. pruritus

Answer 25

e. pruritus