Chapter 35: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems Flashcards
the functional unit of the human kidney is the:
a. nephron
b. collecting tubule (duct)
c. major calyx
d. minor calyx
e. pyramid
a. nephron
one feature of the renal blood circulation that makes it unique is that :
a. blood flows from arterioles into venues
b. blood flows form venues into arterioles
c. there is a double set of venues
d. there are two sets of capillaries
d. there are two sets of capillaries
which of the following has the opposite effect on urine production from the others
a. decreased solutes in blood
b. decreased blood pressure
c. increased in ambient temperature
d. dehydration
e. reduced water consumption
a. decreased solutes in blood
a relatively high blood pressure in the glomerulus of the kidney is maintained because:
a. the afferent arteriole arises from the aruate artery
b. the efferent arteriole is larger than the interlobular artery
c. the glomerulus is constricted
d. the afferent arteriole is larger than the efferent arteriole
e. ADH from the anterior pituitary causes vasoconstriction of the renal arteries
d. the afferent arteriole is larger than the efferent arteriole
if the following hypothetical conditions exist in the nephron, what would be the next (effective) filtration pressure Glomerular blood hydrostatic = 80 mmHg Glomerular blood osmotic = 20 mmHg Capsular hydrostatic = 30 mmHg a. 40 mmHg b. 30 mmHg c. 20 mmHg d. 10 mmHg
b. 30 mmHg
The capillaries of the glomerulus differ from other capillary networks in the body because they:
a. have larger area of anastomosis
b. branch from and drain into arterioles
c. lack endothelium
d. force filtrate from the blood
b. branch from and drain into arterioles
which of the following is not a function of the kidney:
a. water volume control
b. blood pressure control
c. urine storage
d. conversion of vitamin D to an active form
Urine storage
potassium is secreted and reabsorbed by:
a. Bowman’s capsule
b. the proximal convoluted tubule
c. the loop of Henle
d. collecting ducts
b. the proximal convoluted tubule
The primary receptors sensitive to the oncotic pressure of blood are found in the
a. kidney cortex
b. kidney medulla
c. hypothalamus
d. juxtaglomerular apparatus
c. hypothalamus
water reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate initially enters (the):
a. afferent arterioles
b. efferent arterioles
c. Bowman’s capsule
d. glomerulus
e. vasa recta
e. vasa recta
Plasma contains a much greater concentration of ____ than the glomerular filtrate:
a. sodium
b. protein
c. urea
d. creatinine
b. protein
an increase in water permeability of the distal convoluted tubules and collecting duct is due to:
a. a decrease in the production of antidiuretic hormone
b. an increase in the production of antidiuretic hormone
c. a decarease in blood plasma osmolality
d. an increase in water content within tubular cells
e. none of the above
b. an increase in the production of antidiuretic hormone
the descending loop of the nephron allows:
a. sodium secretion
b. potassium secretion
c. hydrogen ion secretion
d. sodium diffusion inward
d. sodium diffusion inward
which of the following pressures affect net glomerular filtration?
a. blood osmotic pressure opposes capsular hydrostatic and blood hydrostatic pressures
b. blood hydrostatic pressure opposes capsular hydrostatic and blood oncotic pressures
c. capsular hydrostatic pressure opposes blood osmotic and blood hydrostatic pressures
d. none of the above is correct
b. blood hydrostatic pressure opposes capsular hydrostatic and blood oncotic pressures
tubular secretion is accomplished in the:
a. glomerulus
b. urethra
c. renal pelvis
d. distal convoluted tubule
e. none of the above
d. distal convoluted tubule
tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion differ in that:
a. secretion adds material to the filtrate; reabsorption removes materials from the filtrate
b. secretion is a passive process; reabsorption is an active transport process
c. reabsorption tends to increase urine volume; secretion tends to decrease urine volume
d. secretion adds materials to the blood; reabsorption removes materials from the blood
a.secretion adds material to the filtrate; reabsorption removes materials from the filtrate
the kidneys perform which function?
a. conserve H+, HCO-3
b. Conserve NH4
c. Eliminate H+, NH4
d. Eliminate amino acids
c. Eliminate H+, NH4
if a small person excretes about 1 L of urine during a 24 hour period, estimate the total amount of glomerular filtration has been accomplished?
a. 4L
b. 10 L
c. 18 L
d. 100 L
d. 100 L
which of the following should not appear in the glomerular filtrate (in any significant quantity) just after the process of glomerular filtration has been accomplished?
a. protein
b. urea
c. glucose
d. both a & b are correct
a. protein
Loop of Henle is to vasa recta as convoluted tubules are to:
a. afferent arterioles
b. peritubular capillaries
c. efferent arterioles
d. renal arteries
b. peritubular capillaries
The two currents used in the countercurrent exchange system are the:
a. afferent and efferent arterioles
b. glomerulus and glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule
c. ascending and descending limbs
d. proximal and distal tubules
e. all of the above
c. ascending and descending limbs
the countercurrent exchange system:
a. prevents water reabsorption from the collecting duct
b. concentrates sodium in the renal cortex
c. facilitates osmosis
d. concentrates chloride in the renal cortex
e. none of the above
c. facilitates osmosis
as ambient temperature increases, what usually happens to the volume of urine production?
a. no effect at all
b. either more or less, depending on other factors
c. more urine output
d. less urine output
d. less urine output
a waste product of protein metabolism is:
a. pepsinogen
b. trypsin
c. amino acid
d. urea
e. urine
d. urea
