Chapter 3.5: Organic Compounds

Question 1

Define organic compounds

Answer 1

a class of molecular compounds that are composed of carbon and hydrogen and a few other elements, including nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur

Question 2

define hydrocarbons

Answer 2

organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen

Question 3

what is the simplest organic compound?

Answer 3

methane CH₄

Question 4

what are the two categories of organic compounds?

Answer 4

hydrocarbons and functionalized hydrocarbons

Question 5

hydrocarbons containing only single bonds are called…?

Answer 5

alkanes

Question 6

organic compounds contain double bonds between carbon atoms are called…?

Answer 6

alkenes

Question 7

organic compounds contain triple bonds between carbon atoms are called…?

Answer 7

alkynes

Question 8

define functional group

Answer 8

a characteristic atom or group of atoms that imparts certain chemical properties to an organic compound

Question 9

alcohols are organic compounds that have an ____ functional group

Answer 9

-OH

Question 10

we designates the hydrocabron portion of a molecule as ___

Answer 10

R

Question 11

Define substituent

Answer 11

An atom or group of atoms that has been substituted for a hydrogen atom in an organic compound

Question 12

define family

Answer 12

a group of organic compounds with the same functional group

Question 13

what does the base name for a alkane always end in?

Answer 13

-ane

Question 14

what are alkyl groups?

Answer 14

groups of carbon branching off the base chain

Question 15

to name alkanes name the 4 steps you should take

Answer 15

1. find the longest carbon chain. this is the base name
2. name all the substituent chains
   3.assign numbers to each substituent from the end closest to the substituent (and if both sides have substituents that are equidistant name it according to which side has the next substituent closer)
3. name the compound according to the following format
   (substituent number) - (substituent name) (base name)

Question 16

alkenes and alkynes are named in the same way but with what exceptions?

Answer 16

1. the base chain is the longest continuous chain that contains the double or triple bond
2. the base name ends in -ene for alkenes and -yne for alkynes
3. the base chain is numbered to give the double or triple bond the lowest possible number
4. a number indicating the position of the double or triple bond (the lowest possible number) is inserted just before the suffix -ene or -yne.

Question 17

what are numbers that indicate location called

Answer 17

locants

Question 18

what are cyclic hydrocarbons?

Answer 18

hydrocarbons that contain rings of carbon chains

Question 19

how are cycloalkanes and cycloalkenes named?

Answer 19

by adding the prefix cyclo- to the base name of the alkane or alkene

Question 20

when naming a cycloalkene where should you always start your numbering?

Answer 20

at the double bond

Question 21

what is the name of the most common aromatic hydrocarbon?

Answer 21

benzene (6 carbon bonded in a ring)

Question 22

what is an aromatic hydrocarbon?

Answer 22

a cyclic hydrocarbon that contains alternating single and double carbon-carbon bonds in the ring

Question 23

how do you name a substituted benzene?

Answer 23

the base name is simply benzene. the psotion of each substituent is identified with a number. the order of the numbering on the ring is determined by the alphabetical order of substituents

Question 24

if the substituent in a substituted benzene is very large what is the substituent called?

Answer 24

a phenyl group

and the prefix of the name of the chain is phenyl

Question 25

for compounds that contain a single functional group, a prefix or suffix that corresponds to the functional group is added to the ______ base name

Answer 25

hydrocarbon

Question 26

what is the formula for a cycloalkane

Answer 26

CnH2n