Chapter 3.4 : Formulas and Names Flashcards
ionic compounds are always made of ____ and _____ ions
positive
negative
in the chemical formula of n ionic compound, the sum of the charges of the positive ions (cations), must equal…?
the sum of the charges of the negative ions (anions)
the formula of an ionic compound reflects the _____ ______ ____ of ions
smallest whole-number ratio
for metals that form cations with only one charge the name of the cation is…?
the same as the name of the metal
for metals that form cations with more than one possible charge the name of the cation is…?
the same as that of the metal plus roman numerals that show the charge
how do you construct the name of monoatomic anions
BASE NAME + suffix -IDE
define oxyanion
ions containing oxygen and another element
when naming oxyanions, if there is only two ions in the series, the one with more oxygen atoms has the ending ____ and the one with fewer has the ending ____
- ate
- ite
when naming oxyanions, if there are more than two ions in a series, the prefixes _____ (meaning less than), and ____ (meaning more than) are used along with the suffixes -ate and -ite
hypo-
per-
define hydrate
an ionic compound that contains a specific number of water molecules associated with each formula unit
the water molecules associated with the formula unit are called…?
waters of hydration
define anhydrous
not containing any associated water molecules
to name a hydrate just tack on ______ to the end of the usual name
prefix hydrate
the prefix indicates the number of water molecules associated with the formula unit
define binary molecular compound
a compound that contains only two different elements (bonded covalently)
what steps would you take to name a binary molecular compound
(prefix + name of 1st element) + (prefix + base name of 2nd element + -ide)
when is the only time you do not use a prefix for the first element in a molecular compound?
when it is mono
when naming a binary molecular compound how do you decide which element to put first?
you put the element which is more metal-like (towards the bottom left corner of the periodic table)
define acid
a molecular compound that is able to donate an H+ ion (proton). In water, this increases the concentration of H+
what steps would you take in order to name an acid?
hydro + base name of nonmetal + -ic +acid
how would you name an oxyanion acid with the ending -ate
base name of oxyanion + -ic +acid
how would you name an oxyanion acid with the ending -ite
base name of oxyanion + -ous +acid
