Chapter 34 Flashcards
An abundant and diverse group of heterotrophic eukaryotic organisms, principally responsible for the decomposition of plant and animal tissues.
fungi
In fungi, highly branched filaments that provide a large surface area for absorbing nutrients.
hyphae
A network of branching hyphae
mycelium
A modified polysaccharide containing nitrogen that makes up the cell walls of fungi and the hard exoskeletons of arthropods.
chitin
A single-celled fungus found in moist, nutrient-rich environments.
yeasts
One of the two main types of mycorrhizae; ectomycorrhizae produce a thick sheath of fungal cells (hyphae) that surround, but do not penetrate, root cells.
ectomycorrhizae
A fungus that lives within leaves and that may help the host plant by producing chemicals that deter pathogens and herbivores.
endophyte
Stable associations between a fungus and a photosynthetic microorganism, usually a green alga but sometimes a cyanobacterium.
lichens
A multicellular structure in some fungi that facilitates the dispersal of sexually produced spores.
fruiting body
The cytoplasmic union of two cells.
plasmogamy
The fusion of two nuclei following plasmogamy.
karyogamy
Describes a stage in the life cycle of some fungi, in which plasmogamy is not followed immediately by karyogamy and the cells have unfused haploid nuclei from both parents.
heterokaryotic
Having two haploid nuclei, one from each parent, in each cell.
dikaryotic
Genetically distinct forms of individuals of a fungus species that, by enabling fertilization only between different types, prevent self-fertilization and promote out-crossing.
mating types
Describes asexual species that generate genetic diversity by the crossing over of DNA during mitosis.
parasexual
