Chapter 30 Flashcards
A reproductive cell capable of growing into a new individual without fusion with another cell.
spore
Describes the diploid multicellular generation in plants that produces spores.
sporophyte
In alternation of generation, describes the haploid multicellular generation that gives rise to gametes.
gametophyte
The life cycle in which a haploid phase, the gametophyte, and a diploid phase, the sporophyte, follow one after the other.
alternation of generations
In plants, a multicellular structure in which haploid spores are formed by meiosis.
sporangium
A reproductive structure in seed plants consisting of the female gametophyte developing within a sporangium and surrounded by outer protective layers. Ovules, when fertilized, develop into seeds.
ovule
In seed plants, the multicellular male gametophyte surrounded by a sporopollenin-containing outer wall.
pollen
The process in which pollen is carried to an ovule.
pollination
A fertilized ovule; seeds are multicellular structures that allow offspring to disperse away from the parent plant.
seed
A reproductive shoot in gymnosperms that produces ovules.
ovule cone
A reproductive shoot in gymnosperms that produces pollen.
pollen cone
A structure produced by the male gametophyte that grows through an opening in the sporopollenin-containing pollen wall and eventually conveys the sperm to the ovule.
pollen tube
A protective outer structure surrounding the seed.
seed coat
Describes a time period in the life of an organism when growth, development, and metabolism slow down or stop; in plants, a state in which seeds are prevented from germinating.
dormancy
A structure, often green, that forms the outermost whorl of a flower with other sepals and encases and protects the flower during its development.
sepal
A structure, often brightly colored and distinctively shaped, occurring in the next-to-outermost whorl of a flower; petals attract and orient animal pollinators.
petal
A pollen-producing floral organ.
stamen
An ovule-producing floral organ in the center whorl.
carpel
In plants, a hollow structure at the base of the carpel in which the ovules develop and which protects the ovules from being eaten or damaged by animals; in animals, the female gonad where eggs are produced.
ovary
The surface at the top of the carpel, to which pollen adheres.
stigma
A cylindrical stalk between the ovary and the stigma, through which the pollen tube grows.
style
In flowering plants, a structure at the top of a stamen consisting of several sporangia in which pollen is produced.
anther
Describes species in which pollen and ovules produced by flowers on the same plant can produce viable offspring.
self-compatible
Describes species in which pollination by the same or a closely related individual does not lead to fertilization.
self-incompatible
A tissue formed by many mitotic divisions of a triploid cell, it supplies nutrition to the angiosperm embryo.
endosperm
In angiosperms, the process in which two sperm from a single pollen tube fuse with (1) the egg and (2) the two haploid nuclei of the central cell.
double fertilization
Reproduction by growth and fragmentation. In plants, the production of upright shoots from horizontal stems, permitting new plants to be produced at a distance from the site where the parent plant originally germinated.
vegetative reproduction
Where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells (cell division)
mitosis
A type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores
meiosis
What are some of the basic differences in the life cycles of animals compared to plants?
Examine Fig. 27.3 (p 557). You could also try googling “animal life cycle” and “alternation of generations.
In an animal life cycle, male and female parents each create sex cells (sperm and eggs) that unite to form a fertilized egg and develop into an offspring organism. Plants, likewise, have sperm and eggs in their life cycles, but these are produced by an intermediate stage between the adult and the offspring.
Sketch the lifecycle of a moss and identify the following: gametophyte, sporophyte, sporangium, and spores. Where in this lifecycle do mitosis and meiosis occur?
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In what way(s) do the lifecycles of vascular plants differ from mosses? In what way(s) do the lifecycles of seed plants differ from ferns?
Mosses don’t have a vascular system.
