Chapter 30

Question 1

A reproductive cell capable of growing into a new individual without fusion with another cell.

Answer 1

spore

Question 2

Describes the diploid multicellular generation in plants that produces spores.

Answer 2

sporophyte

Question 3

In alternation of generation, describes the haploid multicellular generation that gives rise to gametes.

Answer 3

gametophyte

Question 4

The life cycle in which a haploid phase, the gametophyte, and a diploid phase, the sporophyte, follow one after the other.

Answer 4

alternation of generations

Question 5

In plants, a multicellular structure in which haploid spores are formed by meiosis.

Answer 5

sporangium

Question 6

A reproductive structure in seed plants consisting of the female gametophyte developing within a sporangium and surrounded by outer protective layers. Ovules, when fertilized, develop into seeds.

Answer 6

ovule

Question 7

In seed plants, the multicellular male gametophyte surrounded by a sporopollenin-containing outer wall.

Answer 7

pollen

Question 8

The process in which pollen is carried to an ovule.

Answer 8

pollination

Question 9

A fertilized ovule; seeds are multicellular structures that allow offspring to disperse away from the parent plant.

Answer 9

seed

Question 10

A reproductive shoot in gymnosperms that produces ovules.

Answer 10

ovule cone

Question 11

A reproductive shoot in gymnosperms that produces pollen.

Answer 11

pollen cone

Question 12

A structure produced by the male gametophyte that grows through an opening in the sporopollenin-containing pollen wall and eventually conveys the sperm to the ovule.

Answer 12

pollen tube

Question 13

A protective outer structure surrounding the seed.

Answer 13

seed coat

Question 14

Describes a time period in the life of an organism when growth, development, and metabolism slow down or stop; in plants, a state in which seeds are prevented from germinating.

Answer 14

dormancy

Question 15

A structure, often green, that forms the outermost whorl of a flower with other sepals and encases and protects the flower during its development.

Answer 15

sepal

Question 16

A structure, often brightly colored and distinctively shaped, occurring in the next-to-outermost whorl of a flower; petals attract and orient animal pollinators.

Answer 16

petal

Question 17

A pollen-producing floral organ.

Answer 17

stamen

Question 18

An ovule-producing floral organ in the center whorl.

Answer 18

carpel

Question 19

In plants, a hollow structure at the base of the carpel in which the ovules develop and which protects the ovules from being eaten or damaged by animals; in animals, the female gonad where eggs are produced.

Answer 19

ovary

Question 20

The surface at the top of the carpel, to which pollen adheres.

Answer 20

stigma

Question 21

A cylindrical stalk between the ovary and the stigma, through which the pollen tube grows.

Answer 21

style

Question 22

In flowering plants, a structure at the top of a stamen consisting of several sporangia in which pollen is produced.

Answer 22

anther

Question 23

Describes species in which pollen and ovules produced by flowers on the same plant can produce viable offspring.

Answer 23

self-compatible

Question 24

Describes species in which pollination by the same or a closely related individual does not lead to fertilization.

Answer 24

self-incompatible

Question 25

A tissue formed by many mitotic divisions of a triploid cell, it supplies nutrition to the angiosperm embryo.

Answer 25

endosperm

Question 26

In angiosperms, the process in which two sperm from a single pollen tube fuse with (1) the egg and (2) the two haploid nuclei of the central cell.

Answer 26

double fertilization

Question 27

Reproduction by growth and fragmentation. In plants, the production of upright shoots from horizontal stems, permitting new plants to be produced at a distance from the site where the parent plant originally germinated.

Answer 27

vegetative reproduction

Question 28

Where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells (cell division)

Answer 28

mitosis

Question 29

A type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores

Answer 29

meiosis

Question 30

What are some of the basic differences in the life cycles of animals compared to plants?
Examine Fig. 27.3 (p 557). You could also try googling “animal life cycle” and “alternation of generations.

Answer 30

In an animal life cycle, male and female parents each create sex cells (sperm and eggs) that unite to form a fertilized egg and develop into an offspring organism. Plants, likewise, have sperm and eggs in their life cycles, but these are produced by an intermediate stage between the adult and the offspring.

Question 31

Sketch the lifecycle of a moss and identify the following: gametophyte, sporophyte, sporangium, and spores. Where in this lifecycle do mitosis and meiosis occur?

Answer 31

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Question 32

In what way(s) do the lifecycles of vascular plants differ from mosses? In what way(s) do the lifecycles of seed plants differ from ferns?

Answer 32

Mosses don’t have a vascular system.