Chapter 32 Flashcards
A plant pathogen that obtains resources from living cells.
biotrophic pathogen
A plant pathogen that kills cells before drawing resources from them.
neurotrophic pathogen
A plant species that can be infected by a given pathogen.
host plant
Describes pathogens that are able to overcome a host’s defenses and lead to disease.
virulent
In plants, describes pathogens that damage only a small part of the plant because the host plant is able to contain the infection. In animals, describes nonpathogenic microorganisms.
avirulent
Any one of a group of receptors in plant cells, each expressed by a different gene, that function as part of the plant’s immune system by each binding to a specific pathogen-derived protein.
R protein
Any one of the group of genes that express the R proteins in plants.
R gene
A type of plant defense against infection in which uninfected cells surrounding the site of infection rapidly produce large numbers of reactive oxygen species, triggering cell wall reinforcement and causing the cells to die, thus creating a barrier of dead tissue.
hypersensitive response
The ability of a plant to resist future infections, occurring in response to a wide range of pathogens.
systemic acquired resistance (SAR)
A type of small double-stranded regulatory RNA that becomes part of a complex able to cleave and destroy single-stranded RNA with a complementary sequence.
small interfering RNA (siRNA)
A small circular DNA molecule in virulent strains of R. radiobacter containing genes that can be integrated into the host cell’s genome, as well as the genes needed to make this transfer.
Ti plasmid
A white sticky liquid produced in some plants.
latex
Any one of a group of nitrogen-bearing compounds that damages the nervous system of animals, produced by some plants as a defensive mechanism.
alkaloid
Any one of a group of compounds that do not contain nitrogen and are produced by some plants as a defensive mechanism.
terpene
Any one of a class of compounds, produced by some plants as a defensive mechanism.
phenols
Any one of a group of phenols found widely in plant tissues that bind with proteins and reduce their digestibility.
tannin
An antidigestive protein that binds to the active site of enzymes that break down proteins in a herbivore’s digestive system.
protease inhibitor
An exchange in which something is gained at the expense of something lost.
trade-off
A bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease.
pathogen
Is a set of undesirable reactions produced by the normal immune system, including allergies and autoimmunity
hypersensitivity
Affid to occur when a particular microorganism obtains the ability to resist the activity of a particular antimicrobial agent to which it was previously susceptible
acquired resistance
What are advantages and disadvantages of being a plant for defense?
Can’t move,
How can biopathogens enter a plant?
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How do hypersensitive responses protect a plant, and how might plants help fight another invasion at a later date/different portion of the plant?
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What are the three major types of defense against larger attackers?
chemical and mechanical and ecological
Why are we able to mow lawn without killing grass?
apical meristem is low to ground so it doesn’t get affected and can still grow the blades of grass
How might the battle between plants and attackers lead to diversity?
Developing new traits in a plant along with the old ones still being there
