Chapter 27

Question 1

Describes a cell with one complete set of chromosomes.

Answer 1

haploid

Question 2

Describes a cell with two complete sets of chromosomes.

Answer 2

diploid

Question 3

The diploid cell formed by the fusion of two gametes.

Answer 3

zygote

Question 4

An organism that lives in closely evolved association with another species.

Answer 4

symbiont

Question 5

Close interaction between species that live together, often interdependently.

Answer 5

Symbiosis

Question 6

A symbiosis in which one partner lives within the other.

Answer 6

Endosymbiosis

Question 7

The eukaryotes; one of the three domains of life, in which cells have a true nucleus and divide by mitosis.

Answer 7

Eukarya

Question 8

An organism having a nucleus but lacking other features specific to plants, animals, or fungi.

Answer 8

protist

Question 9

A photosynthetic protist.

Answer 9

alga (algae)

Question 10

A heterotrophic protist.

Answer 10

protozoan

Question 11

A “house” constructed of organic molecules that shelters a protist.

Answer 11

test

Question 12

One of seven major groups of eukaryotic organisms, classified by molecular sequence comparisons.

Answer 12

superkingdom

Question 13

A superkingdom that encompasses animals, fungi, and related protists.

Answer 13

Opisthokonta

Question 14

One of a group of mostly unicellular protists characterized by a ring of microvilli around the cell’s single flagellum.

Answer 14

choanoflagellate

Question 15

A superkingdom of eukaryotes with amoeba-like cells that move and gather food by means of pseudopodia.

Answer 15

Amoebozoa

Question 16

Containing many nuclei within one giant cell; the nucleus divides multiple times, but the nuclei are not partitioned into individual cells

Answer 16

coenocytic

Question 17

A eukaryotic superkingdom of photosynthetic organisms; includes the land plants.

Answer 17

archaeplastida

Question 18

A eukaryotic superkingdom including unicellular organisms, giant kelps, algae, protozoa, free-living cells, and parasites; distinguished by a flagellum with two rows of stiff hairs and, usually, a second, smooth flagellum.

Answer 18

Stramenopila

Question 19

A eukaryotic superkingdom, defined by the presence of cortical alveoli, small vesicles that, in some species, store calcium ions.

Answer 19

Alveolata

Question 20

A microscopic fossil, including fossils of bacteria and protists.

Answer 20

microfossil

Question 21

What is a eukaryote? How is it different from a prokaryote?

Answer 21

b

Question 22

In your own words, describe how endosymbiosis could lead to the eukaryotic cell. What organisms are thought to have been involved in the process?

Answer 22

b

Question 23

Explain several lines of evidence in support of the endosymbiotic origin of eukaryotes.

Answer 23

b

Question 24

Where are the major groups of eukaryotes found on the current phylogeny? We will not have time to learn all of the various groups of “protists” in this class, but you should be generally familiar with how animals, plants, fungi, and “protists” are related.

Answer 24

b

Question 25

What are some of the ways that “protists” influence humans? What are some of the ways that they influence other organisms?

Answer 25

b