Chapter 27 Flashcards
Describes a cell with one complete set of chromosomes.
haploid
Describes a cell with two complete sets of chromosomes.
diploid
The diploid cell formed by the fusion of two gametes.
zygote
An organism that lives in closely evolved association with another species.
symbiont
Close interaction between species that live together, often interdependently.
Symbiosis
A symbiosis in which one partner lives within the other.
Endosymbiosis
The eukaryotes; one of the three domains of life, in which cells have a true nucleus and divide by mitosis.
Eukarya
An organism having a nucleus but lacking other features specific to plants, animals, or fungi.
protist
A photosynthetic protist.
alga (algae)
A heterotrophic protist.
protozoan
A “house” constructed of organic molecules that shelters a protist.
test
One of seven major groups of eukaryotic organisms, classified by molecular sequence comparisons.
superkingdom
A superkingdom that encompasses animals, fungi, and related protists.
Opisthokonta
One of a group of mostly unicellular protists characterized by a ring of microvilli around the cell’s single flagellum.
choanoflagellate
A superkingdom of eukaryotes with amoeba-like cells that move and gather food by means of pseudopodia.
Amoebozoa
Containing many nuclei within one giant cell; the nucleus divides multiple times, but the nuclei are not partitioned into individual cells
coenocytic
A eukaryotic superkingdom of photosynthetic organisms; includes the land plants.
archaeplastida
A eukaryotic superkingdom including unicellular organisms, giant kelps, algae, protozoa, free-living cells, and parasites; distinguished by a flagellum with two rows of stiff hairs and, usually, a second, smooth flagellum.
Stramenopila
A eukaryotic superkingdom, defined by the presence of cortical alveoli, small vesicles that, in some species, store calcium ions.
Alveolata
A microscopic fossil, including fossils of bacteria and protists.
microfossil
What is a eukaryote? How is it different from a prokaryote?
b
In your own words, describe how endosymbiosis could lead to the eukaryotic cell. What organisms are thought to have been involved in the process?
b
Explain several lines of evidence in support of the endosymbiotic origin of eukaryotes.
b
Where are the major groups of eukaryotes found on the current phylogeny? We will not have time to learn all of the various groups of “protists” in this class, but you should be generally familiar with how animals, plants, fungi, and “protists” are related.
b
What are some of the ways that “protists” influence humans? What are some of the ways that they influence other organisms?
b
