Chapter 33: Plant Form and Function Flashcards
Define
Meristem
2 Points
33.1
- A tissue usually made of cells capable of dividing indefinitely
- Gives rise to similar cells or to cells that change to produce different tissues or organs
Define
Apical Meristem
2 Points
33.1
- A meristem at the tip of a root or shoot
- Responsible for increase in length
Define
Lateral Meristem
2 Points
33.1
- A meristem that is parallel to the inner core of a plant
- Responsible for increase in diameter
Define
Vascular Cambium
2 Points
33.1
- Type of lateral meristem
- Used to create vascular tissue
Define
Xylem
3 Points
33.1
- Type of vascular tissue
- Primary water-conducting tissue
- Carries dissolved minerals.
Define
Phloem
3 Points
33.1
- Type of vascular tissue
- Made up of 2 kinds of elongated cells: sieve cells and sieve-tube members
- Primarily conducts food around the body.
Define
Cork Cambium
4 Points
33.1
- Kind of Lateral Cambium
- Part of outer layer on roots and shoots
- Made of plates of dividing cells that move inward as they divide
- Also known as Phellogen
Define
Ground Tissue
1 Point
33.2
- Where the vascular tissues are embedded
Define
Dermal Tissue
1 Point
33.2
- Outer protective covering of a plant
Define
Vascular Tissue
1 Point
33.2
- Conducts water, dissolved minerals and the product of photosynthesis
Define
Parenchyma Cells
2 Points
33.2
- Alive at maturity
- Carries out the basic functions of living; photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and food and water storage
Define
Collenchyma Cells
3 Points
33.2
- Living, usually elongated, cells
- Unevenly thickened walls
- Act as supports, especially in areas of primary growth
Define
Sclerenchyma Cells
2 Points
33.2
- Usually do not contain living cytoplasm when mature
- have tough cell walls called secondary cell walls
Define
Fibers
2 Points
33.2
- type of sclerenchyma cell
- long, slender cells that usually form strands
Define
Sclereid
2 Points
33.2
- Type of sclerenchyma cell
- Vary in shape but are often branched
Define
Cuticle
2 Points
33.2
- A waxy water-proof barrier
- Covers and protects the outer layer of a plant
Define
Guard Cells
2 Points
33.2
- Pair of cells
- Regulate the passage of gases and water through a stoma
Define
Stoma
2 Points
33.2
- A tiny opening in the epidermis of a plant organ (such as a leaf)
- Used for gas exchange and water evaporation
Define
Trichome
2 Points
33.2
- An outgrowth on the epidermis of a plant that gives the plant a “fuzzy” appearance (like tiny hairs)
- Plays an insulating role, affecting heat and water balance
Define
Root Hairs
3 Points
33.2
- Extensions of the underground epidermis
- Keeps the root in intimate contact with soil particles
- Improves absorption
Define
Tracheid
5 Points
33.2
- dead at maturity
- elongated
- ends overlap with each other
- water flows through openings called pits
- type of Xylem
Define
Vessel Element
6 Points
33.2
- type of Xylem
- elongated
- dead at maturity
- line up end-to-end
- end walls are open or perforated for water flow
- more efficient than tracheids
Sieve Cell
3 Points
33.2
- type of Phloem
- elongated
- small perforations between cells
Sieve-tube Members
4 Points
33.2
- type of Phloem
- elongated
- occur end-to-end forming sieve tubes
- ends have larger pores then sieve cells; called sieve plate
Companion Cells
2 Points
33.2
- Specialized Parenchyma Cells
- Occur with sieve tubes