Chapter 3: Molecules of Life Flashcards
Proteins, Carbohydrates and Lipids are all what kind of molecule?
- Organic Molecule
Define
Functional Group
2 Points
3.1
- A group of atoms that have special properties
- Gives specific chemical properties to host molecule
What 4 main kinds of molecules is our body made of?
3.1
- Proteins
- Nucleic Acids
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
Define
Macromolecule
1 Point
3.1
- Are large polymers
Define
Polymer
1 Point
3.1
- A chain of smaller molecules
Define
Monomer
1 Point
3.1
- A molecule that can be bonded to others to form a chain
What are Hydrocarbons?
4 Points
3.1
- some of the simplest organic molecules
- a chain or ring of carbon atoms surrounded by hydrogen atoms
- Mainly used as fuels
- Comes from organic material that has been “cooked” underground for millions of years
Ex. Methane, Propane, Butane, Octane etc.
Define
Dehydration Synthesis
2 Points
3.1
- The way in which polymers are formed
- The removal of a hydroxyl group (OH) from 1 unit and a Hydrogen (H) from another (causing a covalent bond)
- Aka: Removing H2O
Define
Hydrolysis
1 Point
3.1
- Adding a molecule of water (H2O) to break a covalent bond
Define
Protein
2 Points
3.2
- Complex macromolecules
- Polymers made of amino acids
Define
Polypeptide
1 Point
3.2
- A polymer made up of chains of amino acids
Define
Peptide Bond
1 Point
3.2
- The covalent bond between 2 amino acids
Define
Amino Acid
2 Points
3.2
- Small molecule w\ basic structure
- Made up of:
- 1 Carbon Atom
- 1 Amino group
- 1 Carboxyl Group
- 1 Functional Group
How many different types of amino acids are there?
3.2
- 20
What are the 4 levels of Protein structure?
3.2
- Primary
- Secondary
- Tertiary
- Quaternary
What is the Primary Protein Structure level?
2 Points
3.2
- the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain
- determines all other levels
What is the Secondary Protein Structure level?
3 Points
3.2
- Forms due to non-polar regions being forced together
- Hydrogen bonds form connection between different parts of peptide chain
- May resemble coils, helices or sheets
What is the Tertiary Protein structure?
1 Point
3.2
- The final 3-D shape of the 1 protein
What is the Quaternary Protein Structure?
2 Points
3.2
- The spatial arrangement of proteins
- Made up of more than 1 polypeptide chain
Define
Enzyme
3.2
- A globular protein with a special 3-D shape
- Fits precisely with a specific sugar or chemical
Define
Catalysis
1 Point
3.2
- The process of enhancing a chemical reaction
Define
Chaperone Protein
2 Points
3.2
- Assists in the protein folding process
- Corrects misfolded proteins
Define
Prion
1 Point
3.2
- A misfolded brain protein
Define
Nucleic Acid
1 Point
3.3
- A very long polymer that stores information
- Comprised of nucleotides
Define
Nucleotide
2 Points
3.3
- Monomer
- Made up of:
- A Five-Carbon sugar
- A Phosphate group
- An organic nitrogen-containing base
What are the 5 different types of Nucleotides?
3.3
- Adenine
- Guanine
- Cytosine
- Thymine
- Uracil
What are the 2 types of Nucleic Acid?
3.3
- Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
- Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
What are the differences between RNA and DNA?
3.3
- RNA uses Uracil instead of Thymine
- RNA uses 1 strand instead of 2
- RNA contains a ribose sugar
What are DNA’s two base nucleotide pairs?
3.3
- Adenine and Thymine
- Cytosine and Guanine
