Chapter 3: Molecules of Life

Question 1

Proteins, Carbohydrates and Lipids are all what kind of molecule?

Answer 1

• Organic Molecule

Question 2

Define

Functional Group

2 Points

3.1

Answer 2

• A group of atoms that have special properties
• Gives specific chemical properties to host molecule

Question 3

What 4 main kinds of molecules is our body made of?

3.1

Answer 3

• Proteins
• Nucleic Acids
• Carbohydrates
• Lipids

Question 4

Define

Macromolecule

1 Point

3.1

Answer 4

• Are large polymers

Question 5

Define

Polymer

1 Point

3.1

Answer 5

• A chain of smaller molecules

Question 6

Define

Monomer

1 Point

3.1

Answer 6

• A molecule that can be bonded to others to form a chain

Question 7

What are Hydrocarbons?

4 Points

3.1

Answer 7

• some of the simplest organic molecules
• a chain or ring of carbon atoms surrounded by hydrogen atoms
• Mainly used as fuels
• Comes from organic material that has been “cooked” underground for millions of years

Ex. Methane, Propane, Butane, Octane etc.

Question 8

Define

Dehydration Synthesis

2 Points

3.1

Answer 8

• The way in which polymers are formed
• The removal of a hydroxyl group (OH) from 1 unit and a Hydrogen (H) from another (causing a covalent bond)
• Aka: Removing H2O

Question 9

Define

Hydrolysis

1 Point

3.1

Answer 9

• Adding a molecule of water (H2O) to break a covalent bond

Question 10

Define

Protein

2 Points

3.2

Answer 10

• Complex macromolecules
• Polymers made of amino acids

Question 11

Define

Polypeptide

1 Point

3.2

Answer 11

• A polymer made up of chains of amino acids

Question 12

Define

Peptide Bond

1 Point

3.2

Answer 12

• The covalent bond between 2 amino acids

Question 13

Define

Amino Acid

2 Points

3.2

Answer 13

• Small molecule w\ basic structure
• Made up of:
• 1 Carbon Atom
• 1 Amino group
• 1 Carboxyl Group
• 1 Functional Group

Question 14

How many different types of amino acids are there?

3.2

Answer 14

• 20

Question 15

What are the 4 levels of Protein structure?

3.2

Answer 15

• Primary
• Secondary
• Tertiary
• Quaternary

Question 16

What is the Primary Protein Structure level?

2 Points

3.2

Answer 16

• the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain
• determines all other levels

Question 17

What is the Secondary Protein Structure level?

3 Points

3.2

Answer 17

• Forms due to non-polar regions being forced together
• Hydrogen bonds form connection between different parts of peptide chain
• May resemble coils, helices or sheets

Question 18

What is the Tertiary Protein structure?

1 Point

3.2

Answer 18

• The final 3-D shape of the 1 protein

Question 19

What is the Quaternary Protein Structure?

2 Points

3.2

Answer 19

• The spatial arrangement of proteins
• Made up of more than 1 polypeptide chain

Question 20

Define

Enzyme

3.2

Answer 20

• A globular protein with a special 3-D shape
• Fits precisely with a specific sugar or chemical

Question 21

Define

Catalysis

1 Point

3.2

Answer 21

• The process of enhancing a chemical reaction

Question 22

Define

Chaperone Protein

2 Points

3.2

Answer 22

• Assists in the protein folding process
• Corrects misfolded proteins

Question 23

Define

Prion

1 Point

3.2

Answer 23

• A misfolded brain protein

Question 24

Define

Nucleic Acid

1 Point

3.3

Answer 24

• A very long polymer that stores information
• Comprised of nucleotides

Question 25

Define

Nucleotide

2 Points

3.3

Answer 25

• Monomer
• Made up of:
• A Five-Carbon sugar
• A Phosphate group
• An organic nitrogen-containing base

Question 26

What are the 5 different types of Nucleotides?

3.3

Answer 26

• Adenine
• Guanine
• Cytosine
• Thymine
• Uracil

Question 27

What are the 2 types of Nucleic Acid?

3.3

Answer 27

• Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
• Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

Question 28

What are the differences between RNA and DNA?

3.3

Answer 28

• RNA uses Uracil instead of Thymine
• RNA uses 1 strand instead of 2
• RNA contains a ribose sugar

Question 29

What are DNA’s two base nucleotide pairs?

3.3

Answer 29

• Adenine and Thymine
• Cytosine and Guanine