Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life

Question 1

Define

Matter

2 Points

2.1

Answer 1

• Any substance that has mass and occupies space
• Made of Atoms

Question 2

Define

Atom

1 Point

2.1

Answer 2

• The smallest particle a substance can be divided into while keeping its chemical properties

Question 3

Define

Proton

1 Point

2.1

Answer 3

• A positively charged subatomic particle

Question 4

Define

Neutron

1 Point

2.1

Answer 4

• A subatomic particle with no charge

Question 5

Define

Electron

1 Point

2.1

Answer 5

• A negatively charged subatomic particle
• Found in the electron shells

Question 6

Define

Mass

1 Point

2.1

Answer 6

• The amount of substance

Question 7

Define

Weight

1 Point

2.1

Answer 7

• The force of gravity exerted onto a substance

Question 8

Define

Atomic Number

1 Point

2.1

Answer 8

• The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 9

Define

Element

1 Point

2.1

Answer 9

• A subtsance that cannot be broken down into another substance by ordinary chemical means

Question 10

Define

Atomic Mass

1 Point

2.1

Answer 10

• The number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 11

Define

Potential Energy

1 Point

2.1

Answer 11

• Stored energy that depends on the stresses or position of parts in a mechanism
• Stretched or compressed spring has more potential energy than a neutral sprin
• A ball held high above the earth has more potential energy then one on the ground

Question 12

Define

Electron Shells

1 Point

2.1

Answer 12

• The layers or levels of the energy field that surrounds an atoms nucleus

Question 13

Define

Ion

1 Point

2.2

Answer 13

• An atom that has gained or lost 1 or more electrons

Question 14

Define

Cation

2 Points

2.2

Answer 14

• An atom that has lost an electron
• Positively charged

Question 15

Define

Anion

2 Points

2.2

Answer 15

• An atom that has gained an extra electron
• Negatively Charged

Question 16

Define

Isotope

4 Points

2.2

Answer 16

• A variation of an atom/element
• Has the same number and position in periodic table as original element
• Contains variable amount of neutrons and different atomic mass
• May be unstable

Question 17

Define

Radioactive decay

1 Point

2.2

Answer 17

• When unstable isotopes break down into particles with smaller atomic numbers

Question 18

What are 2 uses for Radioactive Isotopes?

2.2

Answer 18

• Medicine
• Acheology/Paleontology

Question 19

Define

Molecule

1 Point

2.3

Answer 19

• A group of atoms held together by chemical bonds

Question 20

What are the 3 main types of chemical bonds?

2.3

Answer 20

• Ionic
• Covalent
• Hydrogen

Question 21

Define

Ionic Bond

1 Point

2.3

Answer 21

• Caused by an attraction of 1 atom to all nearby oppositely charged atoms

Question 22

Define

Covalent Bond

2 Points

2.3

Answer 22

• Forms between 2 non-metal atoms when they share electrons
• Usually stronger than ionic bonds

Question 23

Define

Polar Covalent Bond

2 Points

2.3

Answer 23

• When 1 nucleus attracts more electrons than its partner
• Results in partial charges

Question 24

Define

Polar Molecule

1 Point

2.3

Answer 24

• A molecule with a partial charge
• Like a magnet with a positive and negative side

Question 25

# Define Hydrogen Bond | 1 Point ## Footnote 2.3

Answer 25

* Forms between + end of 1 polar molecule and - end of another * Bond starts weak but grows in strength as more hydrogen bonds are added

Question 26

What kind of molecule is water? + What kind of bonds can it form? ## Footnote 2.4

Answer 26

* Polar Molecule * Hydrogen Bonds

Question 27

What kind of unique properties does water have due to its bond type? | 5 Points ## Footnote 2.4

Answer 27

* Heat Storage * Ice Formation * High Heat of Vaporization * Cohesion * Highly Polar

Question 28

# Define Hydrophilic Molecule | 2 Points ## Footnote 2.4

Answer 28

* Attracted to water * Dissolves easily

Question 29

# Define Hydrophobic Molecule | 2 Points ## Footnote 2.4

Answer 29

* Repelled by water * Doesn't dissolve

Question 30

# Define Ionization | 1 Point ## Footnote 2.5

Answer 30

* The process by which ions are created due to an atoms covalent bond breaking

Question 31

# Define Acid | 1 Point ## Footnote 2.5

Answer 31

* A substance that splits in water and increases the H+ (Positive Hydrogen)

Question 32

# Define pH | 1 Point ## Footnote 2.5

Answer 32

* The measure of a substances acidity level * Below 7 is Acidic * 7 is Pure Water * Above 7 is Basic

Question 33

# Define Base | 1 Point ## Footnote 2.5

Answer 33

* Any substance that combines with H+ (Positve Hydrogen) when dissolved in water

Question 34

# Define Buffer | 2 Points ## Footnote 2.5

Answer 34

* A chemical substance that helps control an acid or bases effect on pH by taking in or releasing hydrogen ions * Generally a pair of substances