Chapter 1: The Science of Biology Flashcards
What are the 6 Kingdoms of Life?
1.1
- Archaea
- Bacteria
- Protista
- Fungi
- Plantae
- Animalia
All living beings share what characteristics?
6 Points
1.2
- Cellular Organization
- Metabolism
- Homeostasis
- Growth
- Reproduction
- Heredity
Define
Metabolism
1 Point
1.2
- the consumption of energy to power various processes
Define
Homeostasis
1 Point
1.2
- the ability to maintain stable internal conditions for optimized functions
Define
Heredity
1 Point
1.2
- the passing of genetic material and information from parent(s) to offspring
What are the 3 basic complexity levels of life?
1.3
- Cellular
- Organismal
- Populational
What is the Cellular complexity order?
1.3
- Atom
- Molecule
- Macromolecule
- Organelle
- Cell
What is the Organismal complexity order?
1.3
- Tissue
- Organ
- Organ System
- Organism
What is the Populational complexity order?
1.3
- Population
- Species
- Community
- Ecosystem
Define
Emergent Properties
1 Point
1.3
- Characteristics that appear when smaller entities (Ex. Tissues) become part of a bigger whole (Ex. Organs)
What are the 5 general themes of Biology?
1.4
- Evolution
- The Flow of Energy
- Cooperation
- Structure determines Function
- Homeostasis
Define
Deductive Reasoning
1 Point
1.5
- The use of general principles to explain specific observations
- (Ex. Math)
Define
Inductive Reasoning
1 Point
1.5
- The way of discovering general principles from examining specific observations
- Scientists use this method
What are the 6 stages of “The Scientific Process”?
1.7
- Observation
- Hypothesis
- Prediction
- Testing
- Controls
- Conclusion
Define
Controls
1 Point
1.7
- Experiments done in parallel to test the influence of variables
Define
Theory
According to Scientific Community
1.8
- A unifying explanation for a broad range of observations
What are the 4 Main Biological Theories?
1.9
- The Cell Theory
- The Gene Theory
- The Theory of Heredity
- The Theory of Evolution
What is The Cell Theory?
3 Points
1.9
- All organisms are made of at least 1 cell
- The cell is the most basic unit of life
- All cells come from pre-existing cells
What is The Gene Theory?
1 Point
1.9
- The theory that genetic information is encoded in molecules of DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
Define
DNA
4 Points
1.9
- Deoxyribonucleic Acid
- Made of Nucleotides
- 4 Kinds of Nucleotides (A,T,C,G)
- Various sequences of thousands of nucleotides make a gene
Define
Gene
3 Points
1.9
- Contains information on specific proteins and RNA
- Capable of producing said proteins and RNA
- Can regulate other genes
Define
Genome
1 Point
1.9
- The entire set of DNA instructions on how to make a cell
What is the Theory of Heredity?
1 Point
1.9
- Genes are passed down through generations in distinct units
What is the Theory of Evolution?
2 Points
1.9
- “Descent with Modification”
- Traits favored by a creature’s environment are passed on through natural selection
