Chapter 33

Question 1

benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

Answer 1

an enlargement of the prostate gland, usually occurring in men older than 50 years, which compresses the urethra, restricting the normal flow of urine; also called benign prostatic hypertrophy (33)

Question 2

breast cancer

Answer 2

cancer arising in breast tissue; types include ductal (the most common, which develops in the tiny ducts that run from the milk glands to the nipple), infiltrating lobular (which develops in the lobules), and inflammatory (33)

Question 3

bulbourethral glands

Answer 3

two pea-size glands located inferior to the prostate and on either side of the urethra that secrete a mucous secretion into the seminal fluid before ejaculation; also called Cowper’s glands (33)

Question 4

cervical cancer

Answer 4

rapid uncontrolled growth of severely abnormal cells on the cervix; the two main types are squamous cell (epidermoid) and adenocarcinoma (33)

Question 5

cervicitis

Answer 5

inflammation of the cervix, usually caused by sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (33)

Question 6

circumcision

Answer 6

surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis, performed for religious, cultural, or medical reasons (33)

Question 7

contraception

Answer 7

method of reducing the risk of pregnancy; also called birth control (33)

Question 8

copulation

Answer 8

sexual intercourse; also called coitus (33)

Question 9

dysmenorrhea

Answer 9

painful abdominal cramps during menstruation (33)

Question 10

embryonic period

Answer 10

the first eight weeks of gestation (pregnancy); see also fetal period (33)

Question 11

endometriosis

Answer 11

condition in which the endometrium (the tissue lining the uterus) is found outside the uterus, usually in the pelvis or abdominal cavity (33)

Question 12

epididymitis

Answer 12

inflammation or infection of the epididymis, the long coiled tube attached to the upper part of each testicle, where mature sperm are stored before ejaculation (33)

Question 13

episiotomy

Answer 13

incision made in the perineum (the external region between the vulva and the anus) during labor to prevent its tearing during childbirth (33)

Question 14

erectile dysfunction (ED)

Answer 14

inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse, resulting from insufficient blood supply, from the failure of the smooth muscle to relax, or from the failure of the penis to retain the blood that flows into it (33)

Question 15

Fallopian tubes

Answer 15

structures that extend laterally from either side of the uterus near each ovary and serve as ducts to move ova (egg cells) from the ovary to the uterus and to move sperm from the uterus toward the ovary; also called uterine tubes or oviducts (33)

Question 16

fetal period

Answer 16

period beginning at the ninth week of gestation (pregnancy) and lasting until birth; see also embryonic period (33)

Question 17

fibrocystic breast disease

Answer 17

condition that involves common, benign changes in the tissues of the breast; also called mammary dysplasia, benign breast disease, or diffuse cystic mastopathy (33)

Question 18

gestation

Answer 18

pregnancy (33)

Question 19

hydrocele

Answer 19

painless buildup of watery fluid around one or both testicles that causes the scrotum or groin area to swell (33)

Question 20

hysterectomy

Answer 20

surgical removal of the uterus (33)

Question 21

infertility

Answer 21

inability of a male or female or a couple to conceive a child (33)

Question 22

menarche

Answer 22

onset of the menstrual cycle (33, 38)

Question 23

menopause

Answer 23

cessation of menstrual cycles that usually occurs in mid-life or later (33)

Question 24

myomectomy

Answer 24

surgery that removes uterine fibroids without removing healthy tissue (33)

Question 25

ovarian cancer

Answer 25

cancer of the ovaries; the three main types are epithelial cancer, germ cell tumor, and stromal tumor (33)

Question 26

ovarian cysts

Answer 26

sacs filled with fluid or semisolid material that develop on or within the ovary, typically not disease related and disappearing on their own; formed when the grown follicle fails to rupture and release an egg and, instead of being reabsorbed, forms a cyst (33)

Question 27

ovaries

Answer 27

two almond-shaped organs on either side of the uterus that produce ova (eggs) and the hormones estrogen and progesterone (33)

Question 28

ovulation

Answer 28

process of producing an ovum and releasing it into the pelvic cavity and one of the fallopian tubes (33)

Question 29

ovum

Answer 29

(plural, ova) egg or reproductive cell (33)

Question 30

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Answer 30

inflammation of the vagina, cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes caused by several sexually transmitted infections (33, 38)

Question 31

penis

Answer 31

male organ for intercourse or copulation, and the site of the orifice through which urine and semen are eliminated from the body (33)

Question 32

perineum

Answer 32

external region between the vulva and the anus, composed of muscle covered with skin (33)

Question 33

premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

Answer 33

condition affecting certain women with symptoms that may begin two weeks before the onsetof menstruation; also called premenstrual dysphoric disorder (33)

Question 34

prostate cancer

Answer 34

malignant tumor that grows in the prostate gland (33)

Question 35

prostate gland

Answer 35

gland lying behind the urinary bladder that wraps around the first 2.5 cm of the urethra that secretes an alkaline fluid that aids in maintaining the viability of the spermatozoa (33)

Question 36

salpingo-oophorectomy

Answer 36

removal of the fallopian tubes and ovaries (33)

Question 37

sexually transmitted disease (STD)

Answer 37

an infection transmitted through exchange of semen, blood, and other body fluids or by direct contact with the affected body areas of another person; also called venereal disease (33)

Question 38

spermatozoa

Answer 38

(singular, spermatozoon) male reproductive cells; also called sperm (33, 46)

Question 39

testes

Answer 39

two oval-shaped organs in the scrotum in which sperm and testosterone are produced (33)

Question 40

urethra

Answer 40

musculomembranous tube extending from the bladder to the urinary meatus (31, 33)

Question 41

urethritis

Answer 41

inflammation of the urethra (33)

Question 42

uterine cancer

Answer 42

an adenocarcinoma that usually develops in the glandular tissue of the endometrium; also called endometrial cancer (33)

Question 43

uterine fibroids

Answer 43

benign tumors made up of muscle cells and other tissues that grow within the wall of the uterus, manifesting as a single growth or a cluster (33)

Question 44

uterus

Answer 44

hollow, pear-shaped, muscular organ located in the anterior portion of the female pelvic cavity (33)

Question 45

vagina

Answer 45

musculomembranous tube extending from the vestibule to the uterus (33)

Question 46

vaginitis

Answer 46

inflammation of the vagina usually caused by a change in the normal balance of vaginal bacteria, by an infection, or by reduced estrogen levels after menopause (33)

Question 47

vulva

Answer 47

structure in the female reproductive system made up of the mons pubis, labia majora and labia minora, vestibule, and clitoris (33)

Question 48

adhesion

Answer 48

scar-like tissue that forms between two membranous structures (33)