Chapter 32 Flashcards
Addison’s disease
—condition in which the cortex of the adrenal gland is damaged, decreasing the production of adrenocortical hormones, usually resulting from an autoimmune disorder but also caused by infection, cancer, or hemorrhage into the glands (32)
Adrenal glands
—endocrine organs that secrete hormones; located on top of each kidney, consisting of the cortex and the medulla (32)
Cardiomegaly
—enlargement of the heart (32)
Cushing’s disease
—rare disorder that develops when too much cortisol is released by the adrenal cortex as a result of stimulation of the pituitary (32)
diabetes mellitus
—condition in which the body is unable to produce enough insulin to properly control blood sugar levels by converting sugar and starches into energy (32)
dwarfism
—condition characterized by shorter-than-normal skeletal growth (32)
exophthalmos
—condition produced by hyperthyroidism in which the eyeballs protrude beyond their normal protective orbit because of swelling in the tissues behind them (32)
Gestational diabetes
—condition in which the body is unable to produce enough insulin to properly control blood sugar levels by converting sugar and starches into energy, occurring during pregnancy and typically disappearing afterward, but occasionally precipitating ongoing type 2 diabetes (32)
Gigantism
—condition in which excessive growth hormone is secreted during childhood, before the closure of the bone growth plates, causing overgrowth of the long bones, muscles, and organs; usually caused by a pituitary gland tumor (32)
Goiter
—an enlarged thyroid gland, most commonly caused by Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, an autoimmune inflammation of the thyroid (32)
Graves’ disease
—the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, an autoimmune disorder in which the antibodies produced by the immune system stimulate the thyroid to produce too much thyroxine (32)
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
—autoimmune inflammation of the thyroid that causes hypothyroidism and goiter (32)
hormones
—chemical transmitters that regulate different body functions including growth, development, mood, tissue function, metabolism, and sexual function (32)
hyposecretion
—insufficient secretion of hormones (32)
hypersecretion
—excessive secretion of hormones (32)